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Martin S Lohmann

GPSRO Error Characterization: Analysis of RO measurement errors based on SAC-C radio occultation data recorded in open-loop and closed-loop mode. Martin S Lohmann. This presentation. CDAAC (COSMIC) processing overview Summary of error estimation techniques

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Martin S Lohmann

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  1. GPSRO Error Characterization: Analysis of RO measurement errors based on SAC-C radio occultation data recorded in open-loop and closed-loop mode. Martin S Lohmann

  2. This presentation • CDAAC (COSMIC) processing overview • Summary of error estimation techniques • Stratosphere upper troposphere (GO-region) • Mid and lower troposphere (RH) • SAC-C open-loop and closed loop error characteristics • Examples of error profiles • Error statistics and comparison with ECMWF analysis • Error distributions • Error correlation lengths • Summary slide

  3. Radio occultation principle

  4. Open loop vs. Closed Loop - outline • GPS radio occultation signals can be tracked using either traditional so-called closed loop/phase locked loop (PLL) tracking or so-called open loop tracking (OL) • PLL is based on a feed-back from the tracked signal itself which may result in tracking errors. PLL is performing (almost) optimal noise filtering when tracking correctly Severe tracking errors are common in GPS-MET, CHAMP and SAC-C RO data particularly in the lower troposphere. Tracking errors require sophisticated QC procedures to remove • OL tracking does not involve any feed-back mechanisms. Consequently, OL RO are not affected by tracking errors - but can be more noisy • COSMIC and SAC-C (in open loop mode) switch to OL tracking below approx. 10 km

  5. CDAAC RO processing - overview Occultation processed by CDAAC can be divided into two separate regions where different data processing strategies are applied: • GO – region: processing is based on geometrical optics (GO). Bending angle and refractivity profiles are retrieved from the GPS L1 and L2 signal phases. Statistical optimization (use of climatology) is applied in the retrieval of refractivities. Data are smoothed over approx. 1 km This region covers the height range from the top of the occultation to the lowest height for which the L2 signal is being tracked • RH – region: processing is based on radio holographics (RH) and bending angle and refractivity profiles are retrieved from the L1 phase and amplitude using FSI The RH region extends from the lowest height to which the L2 signal can be tracked down to the lowest point in an occultation. Data are smoothed over approx. 100 m

  6. RO measurement errors GO Region: • Climatology used for retrieval of refractivity • Background/ionospheric noise • Tracking errors (closed loop) RH Region: • Early signal truncation (closed loop) • Background/ionospheric noise • Small scale horizontal variations

  7. Error estimation techniques - outline • GO region: CDAAC (COSMIC) error estimation is based on (Lohmann 2005): Below the E-layer the magnitude and structure of the bending angle measurement errors are fairly uniform [Kursinski et al., 1997; Kuo et al., 2004] Consequently, the bending angle errors can be estimated from high altitude differences between a climatology and the observations Errors in the climatology used for SO are estimated from differences between measurements and climatology in the lower part of the GO region • RH region: CDAAC (COSMIC) error estimation is based on (Lohmann 2006): Measurement errors are estimated by mapping fluctuations in the FSI-amplitude to bending angle errors In the lower troposphere where the RO signals are very noisy, an alternative technique is applied where small scale bending angle fluctuations are considered as errors

  8. SAC-C occultation, April 30, 2005, 14.34 UTC, 24S- 82W.

  9. Estimated errors vs. SAC-C - ECMWF differencesData from March 16 to May 16 2005

  10. Error distributions low latitudes

  11. Error distributions mid latitudes

  12. Error distributions high latitudes

  13. Error autocorrelation functions (1)

  14. Error autocorrelation functions (2)

  15. Summary Title: JCSDA GPSRO assimilation Purpose: GPSROerror characterization Progress so far: • Implementation of dynamic error estimation (will be included in the next CDAAC operational update) • Extensive analysis of GPSRO measurement error characteristics (error profiles, error distributions, and error correlation lengths) Future plans: • Post launch fine-tuning of QC and data-processing • Better understanding of model minus observation differences • Investigating the possibility of filtering out gravity waves and other atmospheric structures which are not included in NWP model fields

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