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Fighting the global warming with Hydrogen

Fighting the global warming with Hydrogen. Is global warming real?. +0,8°. Do we care about +1°?. So, if it is +0,1° on 90% of the surface and +10° over the poles, it is still 1 degree average but then BIG PROBLEM. If it is +1° everywhre, including the poles, OK.

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Fighting the global warming with Hydrogen

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  1. Fighting the global warmingwithHydrogen

  2. Is global warming real? +0,8°

  3. Do we care about +1°? So, if it is +0,1° on 90% of the surface and +10° over the poles, it is still 1 degree average but then BIG PROBLEM If it is +1° everywhre, including the poles, OK The poles = 10% of earth’s surface

  4. +4to +7° at the North pole in January this year! So, we don’t care about the global temperature What matters is the increase at the poles

  5. Why are the poles getting warmer? The earth is like a giant warm plate cooled down by a small and very cold spot The heat is brought from the equator to the poles by the winds Any additional heat will concentrate at the poles

  6. Grenoble (France) today but 20,000 years ago… It was just 8° colder  2 km of ice!!! So,what about if we get plus 4° in the future? ? Plus 1degree is not much?

  7. Is it natural? • Hope not, because there would be nothing we can do! Where does all this mess come from? • In the past, natural warming occurred at 10° per 10,000 years (or 1° per 1,000 years) • Today, it is 1° per 100 years : 10 times faster! • Or is it due to human being activities? • Most probably, even if some natural effect can overlap A most probable culprit is CO2 which produces greenhouse effect

  8. The greenhouse effect

  9. The earth is a greenhousethe glass is our atmosphere Without greenhouse effect Greenhouse effect = life Water vapor = 95%; CO2 = 4% Risk of imbalance Heat is trapped The earth surface temperature would be -15 °C without the greenhouse effect

  10. The earth is in equilibrium Human being effect is peanuts! Sun heat Radiations 10 kg 10 kg Equilibrium temperature at the surface of the earth = 15°C But a peanut can have a large effect!!! The equilibrium is slowly broken The temperature is rising

  11. We reject 35 billions tons of CO2per year Carbon dioxide content is rising 1 ppm =0,0001 %; 1% = 10,000 ppm

  12. 380 ppm is not much? That’s 380 ppm! Let’s take a bath If you pour half a glass of wine into your bathtub… Still want to take a bath?

  13. Atmospheric reservoir almost saturated We dump it to the atmospheric reservoir We burn it at the surface to produce energy Fossil fuel reservoir almost infinite (if you accept to pay the price) We pump carbon from an underground reservoir

  14. But a shortage of air! The problem is not a shortage of oil

  15. Who is polluting our greenhouse? Road = ¾ transportation Transportation = 28% Road = 1/5th of total (cars = 10%)

  16. We need green cars • Electric cars represent a good solution • Storage of energy by batteries • Range limited to less than 200 km • OK if the electricity comes from renewable sources • Storage of energy by using Hydrogen • More than 600 km range • H2 can be produced from renewable sources

  17. Electrolysis : one way to produce Hydrogen 1,229 V Reduction at the cathode Oxydation at the anode

  18. ELECTROLYSIS Water + power  H2 + O2 H2 + O2 Power + Water FUEL CELL

  19. A fuel cell : how does it work? H2O H 1,229 V Hydrogen + Oxygen= electricity + water

  20. Hydrogen fuel cell car • An electrical vehicle without battery • Hydrogen is stored in high pressure tanks (700 atmospheres) • Exhaust : only water vapor • Can run 500 – 800 km 90-100 mph

  21. X-TRAIL

  22. FCHV

  23. Clarity

  24. Class-A

  25. How to refill the car?

  26. How to produce Hydrogen? • By water electrolysis : expensive • Electricity from fossil, nuclear or renewable sources • By cracking natural gas (CH4) • Releases CO2 ,but saves 30% compared to burning gasoline • Or ….

  27. Once upon a time… CO2 Totally neutral and green biogas bio-H2

  28. So, there are plenty ways to reduce our C02 emissions • Yes indeed, we can limit the global warming • But will this be enough?

  29. The internet cable network

  30. Apple data center Telephone relay tower Data centers in the world = 12 nuclear reactors 1 billions PCs = 60 nuclear reactors Modem/routers: 18 nuclear reactors 5% worldwide electricity, rapidly growing

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