Lesson 4 - Wisdom of Bear Wood

1. Lesson 4 - Wisdom of Bear Wood Part Four Language Study ENTER

2. Lesson 4 - Wisdom of Bear Wood Language Study Contents • Word Study • Phrases and Expressions • Word Building • Grammar

3. Lesson 4 - Wisdom of Bear Wood • Word Study Word list: • attachment • dangle • dense • earn • extend • familiarity • frail • 8. identify • 9.impenetrable • 10. incline • 11. nickname • 12. offer • 13. private • 14. proceed • regard • roam • stand • sting • suspect • trespass • wrench

4. Lesson 4 - Wisdom of Bear Wood • Word Study 1. attachment n. affection; devotion • Examples: • As a teenager she formed a strong attachmentto one of her teachers. • She has already formed a strong attachmentto her baby brother. • feel a strong attachment to one's family

5. Lesson 4 - Wisdom of Bear Wood • Word Study 2. dangle v. a. to hang or swing loosely b. to offer as an attraction • Examples: • A pair of binoculars dangled from her neck. • He sat on the edge of the table dangling his legs. • They might do the job if you dangle a bonus in front of them.

6. Lesson 4 - Wisdom of Bear Wood • Word Study 3. dense Classify the following words into 3 groups according to a, b and c. a.a.closely packed or crowded together b. difficult to see through c. stupid a a a dense crowd  dense laurels  a dense metal  a dense fog  a dense mist  dense traffic  a man with a dense brain a b b a c

7. Lesson 4 - Wisdom of Bear Wood • Word Study 4. earn v.a. to receive a certain amount of money for the work you do b. to get something you deserve More examples • Examples: • Now that you are earning, you should think about buying a house. • He earned a lot of praise from the papers for the way he handled the strike. To be continued on the next page.

8. Lesson 4 - Wisdom of Bear Wood • Word Study • earna well-earned reward • earned income • earn one's bread • earn one's own living Translation • 应得的报酬 • 劳动收入 • 谋生，挣钱 • 自食其力

9. Lesson 4 - Wisdom of Bear Wood • Word Study 5. extend v. If someone extends his hand, he stretches out his arm and hand to shake hands with someone. • Examples: • The manextended his hand:"I'm Chuck." • He refused to take the hand I extended in friendship. • He extended his hand in greeting.

10. Lesson 4 - Wisdom of Bear Wood • Word Study 6. familiarity Word formations a. familiar v. familiarize n.a. thorough knowledge (of) b. the freedom of behavior only expected in the most friendly relations • Examples: • His familiarity with the language impressed us all. • They greeted each other with such familiarity that we thought they must be brother and sister.

11. Lesson 4 - Wisdom of Bear Wood • Word Study 7. frail Synonyms fragile weak slight delicate a.a. (someone) not very strong or healthy b. (something) easily broken or damaged • Examples: • She lay in bed looking particularly frail. • The frail craft rocked as he clambered in.

12. Lesson 4 - Wisdom of Bear Wood • Word Study 8. identify v.a. to prove or show the identity of b. to discover or recognize • Examples: • She was asked to identify the criminal. • The dead man has been identified as Mr. James Gould. • They have now identified the main cause of the problem.

13. Lesson 4 - Wisdom of Bear Wood • Word Study Translation 9. impenetrable • 密林 • 子弹打不穿的 • 漆黑 • 难解之谜 • 不接受新思想的顽固头脑 a.a. impossible to go into or through b. extremely difficult or impossible to understand a the impenetrable forest impenetrable by a bullet impenetrable darkness  an impenetrable mystery  a mind impenetrable by/to new ideas a a b b

14. Lesson 4 - Wisdom of Bear Wood • Word Study 10. incline v.a.to influence or encourage to have a particular feeling, belief, etc. b. to tend to; be likely to show a particular state of quality c.to cause to move downwards More examples • Examples: • Her arguments incline me towards a different view of the matter. • I incline to get tired easily. • He inclined his head in greeting. To be continued on the next page.

15. Lesson 4 - Wisdom of Bear Wood • Word Study • incline a post against the wall • incline one's ear to sb. • be inclined to go by air • His attitude did not incline me to help him. • Are you inclined for a walk? • incline to traditional way • incline toward the speaker to hear more clearly • Right incline! • 把柱子靠墙斜立着 • 侧耳倾听某人讲话 • 想要坐飞机去 • 他的态度使我不想帮助他。 • 你想散步吗？ • 喜爱传统的做法 • 将身子倾向讲话者，以便听得更清楚些。 • 半面向右转走! Translation

16. Lesson 4 - Wisdom of Bear Wood • Word Study 11. nickname Related words n. a name used informally instead of a person's own name connected with one's character or history first name Christian name surname last name family name maiden name pet name fake name pseudonym pen name stage name anonymity 教名，洗礼名 姓 女子的娘家姓氏 假名 笔名 匿名 名 姓，绰号 姓 爱称，昵称 假名，笔名 艺名

17. Lesson 4 - Wisdom of Bear Wood • Word Study 12. offer • He offered me his seat. • offer a few ideas • offer the house for ￡1,000 • offer￡1,000 for the house • accept/decline an offer • make an offer (of) • on offer • receive an offer Translation • 他把他的座位让给了我。 • 提几点意见 • 房屋要价一千镑 • 对该房屋出价一千镑 • 接受/不接受提议 • 提议；提供，出价 • 出卖 • 接受提议

18. Lesson 4 - Wisdom of Bear Wood • Word Study 13. private Translation • private life • private coach/teacher/tutor • private property • private ownership • a private secretary • a private car • private business • private affairs/concerns • private information • a private soldier • for sb.'s private ear • in private (criticism in private) • 私生活 • 家庭教师，私人教师 • 私有财产 • 私有制 • 私人秘书 • 私家车 • 个人的事，私事 • 私事，隐秘的事 • 非正式消息 • 士兵，列兵 • 只私下里跟某人讲 • 秘密地 (背后批评)

19. Lesson 4 - Wisdom of Bear Wood • Word Study 14. proceed More examples v.a. to begin or continue in a course of action or set of actions b. to advance; move in a particular direction • Examples: • Theworkis proceeding accordingtoplan. • He paused to consult his notes, and then proceededwith his questions. • Passengers for the New York flight should now proceedto Gate 13. To be continued on the next page.

20. Lesson 4 - Wisdom of Bear Wood • Word Study • proceed to London • proceed to the next business • Please proceed with your story. • diseases that proceed from dirt • proceed to the degree • proceed with one's work • 去伦敦 • 着手另一项工作 • 请继续讲下去。 • 因为不清洁引起的疾病 • 得学位 • 继续干下去（尤指停顿一段时间后） Translation

21. Lesson 4 - Wisdom of Bear Wood • Word Study 15. regard v.a. to look at, observe, watch carefully b. to consider in the stated way n. respectful attention; consideration • Examples: • She regarded him curiously for a moment. • I have always regarded him highly. • You have no regardfor my feelings. • in that regard • with regard to • regardless of • as regards/regarding

22. Lesson 4 - Wisdom of Bear Wood • Word Study 16. roam Synonyms ramble stray wander v. to wander without any very clear purpose • Examples: • The lovers roamed across the fields in complete forgetfulness of the time. • Crowds of youths roamed the streets looking for trouble.

23. Lesson 4 - Wisdom of Bear Wood • Word Study 17. stand n. a small often outdoor place • Examples: • a stand of trees/wheat • an ice-cream stand • a book stand • a newspaper stand • open stands • a good stand of timber

24. Lesson 4 - Wisdom of Bear Wood • Word Study 18. sting (stung, stung) Synonyms prick wound pain inflame n. & v. to hurt or make something hurt with a sudden sharp pain for a short time • Examples: • I stared out of the window, tears stinging my eyes. • He was stung by the • bee/wasp/ • scorpion/nettle. • icywind/oils/ • sprays/smoke. • condemnation/ • harshwords/criticism.

25. Lesson 4 - Wisdom of Bear Wood • Word Study 19. suspect Word formation v.a. to think that something is probably true or likely, esp. something bad b. to think that someone is probably guilty c. to doubt the truth of something n. a person who is suspected of guilt, esp. in a crime n. suspicion a. suspicious a. suspectable • Examples: • They suspect him of murder. • The police have arrested two suspects.

26. Lesson 4 - Wisdom of Bear Wood • Word Study 20. trespass Synonyms infringe intrude transgress v. to enter privately owned property or land without permission n. an act or offence of trespassing • Examples: • She was trespassing on my special place. • One more trespass I must make on your patience. I shall trespasson your hospitality.

27. Lesson 4 - Wisdom of Bear Wood • Word Study 21. wrench • v.to twist and pull with force • n.a.a feeling of sadness caused by leaving • b. a place or a person that you love • Examples: • to wrench a door off its hinges • He managed to wrench himself free. • Leaving home was a terrible wrench for him. The end of Word Study.

28. Lesson 4 - Wisdom of Bear Wood • Phrases and Expressions List: • as it were • brim over • catch one's breath • keep to oneself • not nearly enough • odds and ends • put sb. at ease • set off • warn against

29. Lesson 4 - Wisdom of Bear Wood • Phrases and Expressions 1. as it were 可谓，好像 used indicating not very accurate Cf. as it is • Examples: • I'd understood the words, but I didn't,as it were, understand the question. • He is, as it were, a walking dictionary. • The English, the Scots and the Welsh are all, as it were, members of the same family. To be continued on the next page.

30. Lesson 4 - Wisdom of Bear Wood • Phrases and Expressions as it is 事实上 • Examples: • I want to work at home on a Tuesday but as it is sometimes it's a Wednesday or a Thursday. • I thought things would get better, but as it is they are getting worse.

31. Lesson 4 - Wisdom of Bear Wood • Phrases and Expressions 2. brim over to overflow • Examples: • a glass brimming over with water • brim over with excitement, happiness, joy, etc. • I noticed Dorabella was brimming over with excitement.

32. Lesson 4 - Wisdom of Bear Wood • Phrases and Expressions 3. catch one's breath “Breath” phrases to stop breathing for a moment from surprise, fear, shock, etc. • Examples: • She caught her breath, instinctively touching her throat with her hand. • John caught his breath as Nikko nearly dropped the bottle. • He had stopped to catch his breath. To be continued on the next page.

33. Lesson 4 - Wisdom of Bear Wood • Phrases and Expressions • at a breath • be short of breath • above one's breath • draw a breath • hold/keep one's breath • in a breath • out of breath • take breath • 一口气 • 上气不接下气 • 大声，说出声 • 吸一口气 • 屏息 • 一瞬间，一口气 • 大喘气，上气不接下气 • 歇一口气

34. Lesson 4 - Wisdom of Bear Wood • Phrases and Expressions 4. keep to oneself Chinese 不交际, 不与人往来 to avoid meeting people socially • Example: • Nobody knows much about him; he keeps very much to himself.

35. Lesson 4 - Wisdom of Bear Wood • Phrases and Expressions 5. not nearly enough Translation far from enough; not enough • 差得很远。 • 当时移居来这个地区的人很少。 • Examples: • It's not nearly enough. • There weren't nearly enough people to settle all that land.

36. Lesson 4 - Wisdom of Bear Wood • Phrases and Expressions 6. odds and ends small articles of various kinds, without much value • Examples: • The old round tin was filled up with countless other odds and ends. • He only heard some odds and ends.

37. Lesson 4 - Wisdom of Bear Wood • Phrases and Expressions 7. put/set sb. at ease “Ease” phrases to make sb. feel relaxed • Examples: • He had been dreading their meeting but her warm welcome soon put him at ease. • I never feel at ease in his company. To be continued on the next page.

38. Lesson 4 - Wisdom of Bear Wood • Phrases and Expressions • Finish the task at your ease. • He felt ill at ease in the strange surroundings. • He led a life of ease. • He passed the test with ease.

39. Lesson 4 - Wisdom of Bear Wood • Phrases and Expressions 8. set off “Set” phrases tostart a journey • Examples: • We setoff. • He setoff for his remote farmhouse in Texas. • She setoff, full of optimism. To be continued on the next page.

40. Lesson 4 - Wisdom of Bear Wood • Phrases and Expressions • set about • set in • set off • set to • set back • set up • set down • set out • 开始，下手，着手 • 开始，来到 • 出发；使爆炸 • 认真着手 • 阻碍，使受挫折 • 竖起，建立 • 放下；制定 • 出发，动身

41. Lesson 4 - Wisdom of Bear Wood • Phrases and Expressions 9. warn against to warn someone not to do something • Examples: • I had been warnedagainst going off with strangers. • He warned me against going there at night. The end of Phrases and Expressions.

42. Lesson 4 - Wisdom of Bear Wood • Word Building List: • Prefix：bi- • Root： ocular • Suffix：-ify

43. Lesson 4 - Wisdom of Bear Wood • Word Building root binoculars (6) bi-:double, two, twice prefix • 每年两次的 • （议会）两院制的 • 二色的 • 每两年一次的 • 分叉的 • 重婚 • 两种语言的 • 两个月一次的 • 两脚架 • 有两极的 • 两性的 • 隔周的 biannual bicameral bicolored biennial bifurcated bigamy bilingual bimonthly bipod bipolar bisexual biweekly

44. Lesson 4 - Wisdom of Bear Wood • Word Building root ocul:eye binoculars (6) prefix • 眼睛的，视觉的，像眼睛的 • 眼科医生 • 使眼球动的，动眼的 • 双眼并用的，(pl.)双筒望远镜 • 单眼的 • 视力缺陷 • 目证 ocular oculist oculomotor binocular monocular ocular defeat ocular proof

45. Lesson 4 - Wisdom of Bear Wood • Word Building Suffix -ify More examples • v.a. to make or become • b. to fill with • Examples: • to purify (= make or become pure) • to clarify (= make or become clear) • to terrify (= fill with terror) To be continued on the next page.

46. Lesson 4 - Wisdom of Bear Wood • Word Building Suffix -ify Give corresponding verbs of the following nouns. • class • fortification • identification • justice • purity • satisfaction • simplicity • signification • glory • quality • classify • fortify • identify • justify • purify • satisfy • simplify • signify • glorify • qualify The end of Word Building.

47. Lesson 4 - Wisdom of Bear Wood • Grammar Apposition Definition: A syntactic relation in which an element is juxtaposed to another element of the same kind，especially between noun phrases that do not have distinct referents. Example: Do you know my wife Lucy? Lucy is in apposition to my wife. To be continued on the next page.

48. Lesson 4 - Wisdom of Bear Wood • Grammar Apposition It was my secret fortress, almost a holy place. The fortress is almost a holy place. To be continued on the next page.

49. Lesson 4 - Wisdom of Bear Wood • Grammar Apposition I'd leave the bright sun and the twitter and rustle of insects and animals outside and creep into another world—a vaulted cathedral. The world is like a cathedral with a vaulted ceiling. To be continued on the next page.

50. Lesson 4 - Wisdom of Bear Wood • Grammar Apposition But she sent me home with two large tomes, one full of beautiful illustrations of birds, and one of butterflies and other insects. More examples One of the large tomes was full of beautiful illustrations of birds and the other was full of butterflies and other insects. To be continued on the next page.