Imperialism in Southeast Asia

1. Imperialism in Southeast Asia

2. REVIEW • Japan avoided European Imperialism by becoming more like the western powers • New Constitution created constitutional monarchy • Japan industrialized to keep up with advanced western nations • Sino-Japanese War & Treaty of Shimonoseki marked beginning of Japan as world power

3. ESSENTIAL QUESTION • How did Imperialism in Southeast Asia effect events that would happen later in history?

4. Introduction • Late 1800s – Imperialism spread to Southeast Asia • Became an important source of spices & tea • Later provided tin & oil

5. British Colonies • England controlled Burma & Singapore • Burma was important because it bordered India • Singapore guards entrance to Strait of Malacca – Very important trade route • 1819 - Britain purchased Singapore & establishes a factory • Area became Singapore, held British Naval Base

6. French Gains • Eastern part of Southeast Asia: Laos, Cambodia, & Vietnam • Governments were very unstable • France controls all 3 during the 1800s • Under French rule, governments stabilize & economies grow • Regained independence in the 1950s

7. Siam • Sandwiched between English & French controlled countries • Maintained independence by playing British interests against French interests • King Mongkut studied western ideas – Better understood enemies & modernized

8. The Dutch East Indies • Made up of islands running between East Asia & Australia • Colonized by the Netherlands in 1600s • Revolutions during 1800s made Dutch change the way the islands were governed • Became Indonesia in 1949

9. U.S. Interest in the Pacific • Islands became important for Trans-Pacific trade • Samoa Islands • Hawaiian Islands • Philippines • Guam • Wake Island

10. The Samoa Islands • East of Australia in Pacific Ocean • Used by England, Germany, & U.S. as trading posts & naval bases • Rivalry between 3 nations existed until 1899 when a treaty was signed • England withdrew • Germany & U.S. split the islands

11. The Hawaiian Islands • Held U.S. naval base, rich soil, good rainfall & a mild climate • After 1865 Americans began to arrive • Sugarcane & pineapple plantations were created • U.S. wanted more control of the government • 1893 – Americans ended Hawaiian Queen’s reign • 1898 – Hawaii becomes part of U.S.

12. Philippines, Guam, & Wake Island • When U.S. & Spain went to war, U.S. Navy called into action • 1st Battle – Spanish-controlled Philippines • Americans attacked at Manila Harbor • U.S. controls Philippines after short war • U.S. also gained control of Guam & Wake Island • Filipino forces resisted American control, but were defeated after 3 years in 1902