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Chapter 21

Chapter 21. Protist and Fungi. Protists are the most diverse of all eukaryotes protists : eukaryotes that are not animals, plants, or fungi but show characteristics of those kingdoms. Protist Introduction. Diversity of Protists. Can be microscopic or can be extremely large.

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Chapter 21

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  1. Chapter 21 Protist and Fungi

  2. Protists are the most diverse of all eukaryotes • protists: eukaryotes that are not animals, plants, or fungi but show characteristics of those kingdoms.

  3. Protist Introduction

  4. Diversity of Protists • Can be microscopic or can be extremely large. • Can be single celled or can be multi-celled. • Can be autotrophic or heterotropic

  5. Protists are broken into 3 different groups…

  6. 1. Animal Like Protists (protozoans) • Animal like protists are heterotrophs • Eat bacteria, other protists, non-living organic matter • Lack cell wall • Live in most aquatic environments & some in body fluids

  7. Protozoansare broken down into different groups by how they move. • Zooflagellates • Use flagella to move • Ciliates • Have cilia to move • Or feed • Pseudopods • “false foot” • Use cytoplasm to move

  8. Examples of Protozoans • Paramecium: • Cilliate found in ponds • Stentor • Ciliate that uses cilia around mouth to feed. • Plasmodium • Protozoan that causes malaria • Giardia • Zooflagellate that can lead to giardiasis.

  9. Fungus Like Protists • Decomposers • Obtain energy from breaking down dead organic matter • Cell wall made of cellulose and not chitin • Examples: • Slime molds

  10. Plant Like Protists • Autotrophs • Obtain energy through photosynthesis • All contain chloroplast to photosynthesize • Can be single celled • Euglena: Flagellate that uses an eyespot to detect light. When light is not present it can become heterotrophic

  11. Plant Like Protists • Colonial: volvox • Several single celled plant like protist that live and function together. • Euglena have both characteristics of plants and animals

  12. Fungus Kingdom • 2nd kingdom of eukaryotes • Characterized by decomposition

  13. Parts of a fungi • Reproductive Structure • Part above ground that is seen. • Used to characterize the fungus • Hyphae • Cytoplasmic threads with chitin cell walls • Mycelium • Mat of hyphae underground

  14. Mycelium carry out the decomposition process. • Absorptive nutrition • Mycelium release enzymes to break down material and then absorbs the digested material

  15. How do Fungi Reproduce? • Spores: • Released into the air or water to allow fungi to reproduce asexually • Able to withstand harsh, dry environmental conditions.

  16. Types of Fungi • Club fungi • Typical mushrooms • Mold • Yeast • Imperfect fungi • Only reproduce asexually

  17. Roles of Fungus • Help with decomposition and adding nutrients to soil. • LICHEN • Fungus and algae • 1st to grow on rocks and help to create soil • Mycorrhizae • Fungus increases the surface area of plant roots • Food • Cheese, bread, beer

  18. Roles of Fungi • Disease • Athletes foot • yeast infections • dutch elm disease • chytrid fungus.

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