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Lessons 23 and 24

Lessons 23 and 24. Adverbs -OSUS Ablative of Accompaniment. Adverbs. Adverbs modify verbs. Adverbs answer the question “how”? She sings beautifully. (How does she sing ? Beautifully!”) He runs quickly . (How does he run ? Quickly!). How To Make-Ur-Own Homemade Adverbs.

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Lessons 23 and 24

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  1. Lessons 23 and 24 Adverbs -OSUS Ablative of Accompaniment

  2. Adverbs • Adverbs modify verbs. • Adverbs answer the question “how”? • She sings beautifully. (How does she sing? Beautifully!”) • He runs quickly. (How does he run? Quickly!)

  3. How To Make-Ur-Own Homemade Adverbs • Step one: find an adjective. • (Those are the –us,-a,-um words) • latus, lata, latum: wide

  4. Make-Ur-Own Adverbs (cont.) • Step 2: Drop the feminine –a ending. • (The feminine form is the middle –a form) • latus, lata, latum • LATA -A = LAT-

  5. Make-Ur-Own Adverbs (cont.) • Step 3: Add an –e to your stem. (In other words, you’re replacing the –a with an –e.) • LAT- + -E === LATE

  6. Make-Ur-Own Adverbs (cont.) • Step 4: Translate your adverb into English by adding an –ly. • LATE: === WIDELY

  7. Voila! Adverbs! • So, the adjective latus, -a, -um: wide becomes the adverb late: widely. • Your turn! • Make the following adjectives into adverbs, Latin and English.

  8. You Can Do It! • tardus, tarda, tardum: slow • TARDE: SLOWLY • pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum: beautiful • PULCHRE: BEAUTIFULLY • altus, alta, altum: deep • ALTE: DEEPLY

  9. -OSUS • Sometimes the suffix “-osus” is added to Latin nouns to turn them into adjectives. • -osus means “full of…” • victoria: victory • victoriosus: full of victory • gloria: glory • gloriosus: full of glory

  10. -OSUS • The suffix “-osus” comes into English as “-ose” and “-ous.” • victorious • glorious • verbose

  11. Fun Latin Pun! • The famous Roman poet, Horace, had a school teacher named Orbilius. • Orbilius was known for beating students who arrived late. A strike with a whip or stick is called a “plaga”. • Horace nicknamed his teacher “Plagosus Orbilius.” What does that mean?

  12. Ablative of Accompaniment • The word “cum” (“with”) is used when “with” means “together with” or “along with.” • The noun that comes after “cum” must be in the ablative case. • Ablative case endings: -a, -o, -is (plural)

  13. Examples of Ablatives of Accompaniment • The girl walks with the boy. • Puella cum puero ambulat. • The Romans fought with the barbarians. • Romani cum barbaris pugnaverunt. • I am talking with the teacher. • Cum magistra dico.

  14. Accompaniment vs. Means • Ablative of Accompaniment: shows “together with” someone, uses “cum” for “with” • Ablative of Means: shows by or with which something is done, does not use “cum” for “with.” The “with” is understood in the Latin.

  15. Examples of Ablatives of Means • The girl is walking with a crutch. • The Romans fought with swords. • Romani gladiis pugnaverunt. • Note that the Latin doesn’t use “cum” here. You have to add it in the English.

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