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Cloud Computing

Cloud Computing. Presented by Leah Castleberry and Eduardo Zerbe. What is the Cloud?.

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Cloud Computing

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  1. Cloud Computing Presented by Leah Castleberry and Eduardo Zerbe

  2. What is the Cloud? • ``A Cloud is a type of parallel and distributed system consisting of a collection of inter-connected and virtualized computers that are dynamically provisioned and presented as one or more unified computing resource(s) based on service-level agreements established through negotiation between the service provider and consumers.'’ • University of Melbourne (2008)

  3. What is the Cloud? • “Clouds, or clusters of distributed computers, provide on-demand resources and services over a network, usually the Internet, with the scale and reliability of a data center.” • University of Illinois at Chicago (2009)

  4. Thoughts on Cloud • “[Cloud Computing] is likened and equated to the Industrial Revolution in terms of implications for technological innovations and economic growth” • The Wall Street Journal (2011) • “There is an increasingly perceived vision that computing will one day be the 5th utility (after water, electricity, gas, and telephony). This computing utility… will provide the basic level of computing service that is considered essential to meet the everyday needs of the general community.” • University of Melbourne (2008)

  5. Thoughts on Cloud • “We are at the beginning of the age of planetary computing. Billions of people will be wirelessly interconnected, and the only way to achieve that kind of massive scale usage is by massive scale, brutally efficient cloud-based infrastructure.” • Dan Farber, Editor in Chief at CNET News

  6. Who uses Cloud?

  7. Why? • Scale • Ability to enter into a market easily and grow within the market • Simplicity • NYT moved 15 million articles (4 TB) to PDF in 24 hours only using a credit card • Pricing • Usually pay as you go

  8. Avoiding Data Centers • Inefficient • Servers only used at 15% of their capacity usually • Expensive • 800 Billion spent yearly on enterprise software • 80% of that is on installation and maintenance • Standard 9000 Sq. Ft. center costs $21.3 million to build and $1 million annually in electricity • Harming the Environment • Centers consume 1.5% of the nation’s electricity • .6% worldwide in 2000 and 1% in 2005 • IT produces 2% of global carbon dioxide emissions National Institute of Standards and Technology 2009

  9. But Can it Save the World? • “In much the same way people point to the rise of mobile phone technology in Asia as an example of how one part of the world took advantage of emerging technology to leapfrog other countries, the same potential now exists with the rise of cloud computing.” • “Brazil, Russia, India, and China will likely be important forces driving the global shift toward the cloud, with China and India having the greatest mid- to long-term potential for the cloud.” • Indian SaaS market predicted to experience a compound annual growth rate of 77 percent during 2006-2010 • Remote infrastructure management estimated to be a US$15 billion industry in India by 2013 Keshetri 2010 Murugesan 2011

  10. But How Can it Save the World? • “Developing economies could catch up with developed countries as the cloud gives them access to the same IT infrastructure, data centers, and applications. The cloud arguably reduces infrastructure costs and levels the playing field for small- and medium-size enterprises.” • Infrastructure • Software • Scaling up whenever the demand increases Keshetri 2010 Murugesan 2011

  11. Who is Being Saved? Keshetri 2010

  12. The Biggest Issue is Security

  13. Issues With Security • Data is accessible to third parties • Hosted, stored, and secured • Could be very sensitive data • Technology is growing very quickly – Governments cannot keep up • “As in the case of the internet Domain Name System (DNS), the development of regulative institutions in the cloud industry is likely to be an ex post facto legitimation of a the codification of industry norms” • Different standards from different providers and governments Kshetri 2013

  14. Laws in Place EU: • Prohibit transmission of some personal data outside the EU (Servers must be in EU) United States: • Sarbanes–Oxley (SOX) Act • Health and Human Services Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) • To ensure accuracy of financial data, SOX mandates that IT controls be designed to ensure data are accurate and protected from unauthorized changes • HIPAA requires healthcare providers to have adequate security measures in place to protect the privacy of patients’ medical data. • Don’t meet the standards? • Up to $250,000 fine and up to 10 years in prison Kshetri 2013

  15. Issue of Privacy • 2001 Patriot Act – NSA • 2010 Report from Google • government authorities around the world request the company for private information and to censor its applications • For some analysts, the biggest concern has been the government’s access to data and a lack of constitutional protections against these actions • Cloud will be a “fertile ground for cyber-control and spying activities” Kshetri 2013

  16. Cloud and Education at Home • UC-Berkeley • Donation from Amazon in order to acquire a huge amount of servers in a matter of minutes • Medical College of Wisconsin • Renting processing time on Google Cloud servers to assist with protein research • IBM and Google • Initiative to improve computer science students’ knowledge of the cloud • $5 million grant went to fourteen universities • Washington State University’s School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science • Faced with budget cuts, the school went to VMware to support a move towards cloud computing • Kentucky’s Pike County School District • Transformed 1400 old computers into fully functioning virtual machines • Over a 5-year period, the cost of ownership for the virtual desktop will be less than half of supporting these desktops on-premise. Sultan 2010

  17. Cloud and Education in Africa • Many schools suffer from inadequate IT infrastructures and small software/hardware budgets • Not only reduces IT cost, but makes education more efficient and empowering • Google and Universities • National University of Rwanda, The Kigali Institute for Education, the University of Mauritius • Provided Google Cloud Services (Gmail, Docs, Etc.) • Microsoft and Ethiopia • Rolled out 250,000 laptops to school teachers • All running on Microsoft Azure Platform • Keeps track of academic records without the extra cost of having to build a system of hardware and software to connect Sultan 2010

  18. Case Study: University of Westminster • 22,000 Students • 96% setting up student email to forward to external third-party email accounts • Google Apps – FREE! • Problems and solutions: • Spam – Important emails were marked as spam and did not get to students • GMAIL had a more advanced filtering algorithm and avoided the issue • Memory – Students forced to use USB memory sticks which are prone to loss or misuse • 7.3 GB of storage per student • Cost – Providing the equivalent storage on internal systems would cost the university around 1 million pounds • Google Apps – FREE! • Problems with implementation: • UK law required that some sensitive data be maintained on University-owned systems – Westminster had to keep the staff email system on their old Exchange/Outlook system Sultan 2010

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