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Bellringer: 12/14. Pick up papers by the door. Take out your Age of Unification and Nationalism vocab. These will be checked for a HW grade. Answer the following review questions : What was the purpose of the Congress of Vienna?
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Bellringer: 12/14 • Pick up papers by the door. • Take out your Age of Unification and Nationalism vocab. These will be checked for a HW grade. • Answer the following review questions: • What was the purpose of the Congress of Vienna? • Put the leaders of France during the Revolution in the correct order: Napoleon, Robespierre, Directory, Louis XVI. • What countries did Simon Bolivar, Toussaint L’Ouverture, Dom Pedro, and Miguel Hidalgo help free?
Table of Contents Updates: • Page 77: Notes: Congress of Vienna • Page 78: Map Activity: Europe and the Congress of Vienna • Page 79: Reading Questions: The Congress of Vienna
Agenda: 12/14 • 1. Bellringer/Homework Check • 2. Notes: Congress of Vienna • 3. Map Activity: Congress of Vienna • 4. Reading Questions: Congress of Vienna • 5. Kahoot Vocab Review
HOMEWORK 12/14: • 1. Study for vocab quiz NEXT CLASS (12/16, Wednesday). • 2. Finish reading questions if necessary (to be turned in for a classwork grade).
What was the meeting which attempted to restore Europe to what it had been before the French Revolution and Napoleon? What was the significance of the Congress of Vienna? What is the belief that no one country should be more powerful than the others? What was the legacy of Napoleon? What was the legacy of the Congress of Vienna?
The Big Players Britain: Duke of Wellington Russia: Tsar Alexander I Austria: Metternich Prussia: King Frederick William III France’s Talleyrand
Congress of Vienna(1814-1815) • European monarchs sought to turn back the clock to 1789 and restore Europe’s Old Regime • Members included the “Big Four” and France • Austria – Prince Metternich • England – Duke of Wellington and Lord Castlereagh • Prussia – Frederick William III, Hardenberg, and Humboldt • Russia – Tsar Alexander I • PLUS: France– Talleyrand
Metternich: An In-Depth Look (1773-1859) • Conservativeleader at the Congress • Opposed democracy and nationalism • Claimed that he was guided by the principle of legitimacy • Lawful monarchs from the royal families that had ruled before Napoleon would be restored to power
Basic Agenda at the Congress of Vienna 1. Decide what to do with France 2. Maintain a balance of powerin Europe 3. Restoration of European monarchies
General Principles Balance of Power Legitimacy Compensation Liberalism Conservatism Nationalism
1. Balance of Power • Each country wants to make sure that no other country in Europe is too powerful • Make sure one country won’t become too dominant again • Think France under Napoleon!
2. Legitimacy • Restoration of pre-Napoleon rulers • Examples: • House of Bourbon – France, Spain, and the two Sicilies • House of Braganza – Portugal • House of Orange – Netherlands • House of Savoy – Sardinia • German princes – territories in the Confederation of the Rhine • Pope and Catholic Church – Papal States
3. Compensation • Napoleon’s enemies rewarded with land • Other nations compensated for land taken • Redrew the map of Europe
4. Conservatism5. Liberalism • Competing political and philosophical ideologies (beliefs)
6. Nationalism • Nationalism = pride in one’s country • Will be a consequence of the Congress of Vienna, desire for balance of power, and the age of imperialism
Fate of Nationalism • People had no say over territorial changes • Language, nationality, and religion weren’t taken into consideration • Ideas of democracy and self-government were rejected by European leadership • Soon enough, concessions were made
Results of the Congress of Vienna • Concert of Europe – group of leading nations which periodically met to discuss issues regarding stability • Temporary suppression of democratic and nationalistic ideals • The Principle of Intervention: the great powers of Europe had the right to send armies into countries where there were revolutions in order to restore legitimate monarchs to power; Great Britain did not agree with this policy • International peace – no general war in Europe until World War I (100 years later) • Crimean War (1854-1856), Austro-Prussian War (1866), Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871) Creation ofbufferstates to keep France from establishing another empire
Buffer States • Designed to prevent France from again becoming a threat • Holland and Sardinia enlarged and strengthened • European nations guaranteed Switzerland’s neutrality
Territorial Changes Austria gained Lombardy, Modena, Parma, Tuscany, and Venetia (all are areas in Italy) England gained Cape Colony, Ceylon, Heligoland, Guiana, and Malta (areas in Africa, the Americas, and Asia) Prussiagained part of Poland, land along the Rhine River, 40% of Saxony, Swedish Pomerania, and Westphalia Russiagained Finland and part of Poland
Legacy of Congress of Vienna • “Balance of Power” doctrine • Restoration of monarchies • New political map of Europe • New political philosophies (liberalism and conservatism)
Review Questions 1. What countries made up the “Big Four” at the Congress of Vienna? 2. What were the principles of compensation and legitimacy? 3. How did the Congress of Vienna redraw the map of Europe? 4. What were the results of the Congress of Vienna?
