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PSYC 330: Perception

PSYC 330: Perception. Auditory Processing The Basics. What is sound?. When I speak…… Vibration in vocal cords  D isplacement of molecules in the air These displace adjacent molecules Wave travels across the room Enter your ear Cause vibration in your auditory apparatus 

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PSYC 330: Perception

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  1. PSYC 330: Perception Auditory Processing The Basics

  2. What is sound? • When I speak…… • Vibration in vocal cords  • Displacement of molecules in the air • These displace adjacent molecules • Wave travels across the room • Enter your ear • Cause vibration in your auditory apparatus  • You “hear” what I say • Sound dissipates as it moves away from the source • Sounds is REALLY slow 760 mph

  3. Qualities of sound

  4. A note on notes • Sine wave – pure tone • Complex waves – multiple sine waves • Fourier analysis • - relative height (intensity/amplitude) of each individual frequency in sound (pg 224) • Fundamental – root tone • Harmonics – overtones/halftones

  5. The hardware

  6. Rock the middle ear, dude!!! Middle ear mechanisms: Malleus, incus, stapes  amplify Tensor tympani, stapedius  acoustic reflex

  7. the cochlea

  8. Sound transduction MECHANOELECTRICAL transduction (MET) Organ of Corti Stereocilia Tip links http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lioNIbtFxSY&feature=related

  9. Intensity coding 14,000 hair cells (vs. 100 million rods and cones)

  10. Pitch coding - place http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dyenMluFaUw Afferent (inner hair cells) and efferent (outer hair cells)

  11. Pitch coding – freq. • Phase locking – auditory nerves produce action potential at specific, consistent point in the phase of the sound wave • Phase locking provides information for temporal coding • Volley principle

  12. Brain or bust! • Auditory nerve  cochlear nuclei (medulla) • Superior olive • Inferior colliculi • Medial geniculate nucleus • Auditory cortex • Tonotopic organization • AI, belt cortex, parabelt cortex

  13. PSYCHoAcoustics Thresholds change across frequency

  14. psychoacoustics • Factors influencing thresholds • Species • Frequency • Equal loudness contours • Temporal integration

  15. Hearing loss • Obstructive hearing loss • Conductive hearing loss • Sensorineural hearing loss • Relationship to noise exposure • Relationship to normal aging

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