APA Referencing

1. APA Referencing

2. Where does this workshop fit?

3. WorkshopOverview • Referencing and Plagiarism • APA format defined • In-text referencing • Direct quotes and paraphrasing • End-of-text referencing

4. ReferencingandPlagiarism • Acknowledging and identifying information sources is called Referencing • Using others’ ideas, without giving credit, is Plagiarism • Plagiarism has serious consequences

5. Why Reference? • To acknowledge or mihi to the person you got the information from • To direct readers to specific information sources • Shows the reader: • How widely we have read • The quality of our sources

6. We use APA referencing

7. In text & end-of-text referencing In-text – paraphrasing, summarising or direct quotes in our sentences and paragraphs End of text - the reference list at the end of the assignment

8. In-text referencing - Direct quotes As a guide, don’t use more than 5% of the total essay word count as direct quotes • Include quotes less than 40 words as part of the essay • Separate quotes more than 40 words with a line space and indentation • Include the page number for all direct quotes

9. In-text referencing - Paraphrasing • Accurately putting the ideas into our own words Paraphrased ideas still need to be referenced!

10. In-text referencing - Summarising • Providing an overview of an idea or piece of research • More general than a direct quote or paraphrase A summary still needs to be referenced!

11. Quote: Very specific Paraphrase: Identifies one main idea Summary: Very general overview Quotes, paraphrases, summaries RESEARCH

12. In-text referencing • Citing or including a citation • Include: • The author’s surname/s • The year of publication • Page number for direct quotes • Depends number of authors

13. In-text referencing – 1 author • One author: • Smith (1999) suggested that… • … is one theory (Smith, 2000). • Two authors: • Smith and Jones (1999) suggested that… • … is one theory (Smith & Jones, 1999).

14. In-text referencing – 3-5 Authors • First reference • Smith, Jones, Davis, and Douglas (2005) suggested that… • … is one theory (Smith, Jones, Davis, & Douglas, 2005). • Subsequent references • …was developed as well (Smith et al., 2005).

15. In-text referencing – 6 or more Authors • Surname of the first author and ‘et al.’ every time we refer to them: • Smith et al. (1999) suggested that… • … is one theory (Smith et al., 1999).

16. End-of-text Referencing • Needs to be exact – down to commas, full stops, italics and capital letters. • Specific to the type of reference (e.g. book, website, journal article). • Use a quick guide, go to Stylewizard.com or use the reference wizard in Word 2007.

17. Quick referencing hand out

18. End-of-text Referencing Reference list needs: • A heading: References • Alphabetical order of the first author of each reference • Indented after the first line of each reference • Extra line between each reference

19. End-of-text Referencing • Referencing books: Author, A.A., Author, B.B., & Author, C.C. (Year). Title of book. Place: Publisher. Smith, K.L. (2000). Communication theory. New York: Plenum Press. Smith, K.L., & Jones, P.J. (2005). Media studies. Sydney: Oxford Press.

20. End-of-text Referencing • Referencing book chapters: Author, A.A., Author, B.B., & Author, C.C. (Year). Title of book chapter. In A.A. Author, & B.B. Author (Eds.), Title of book (pages of book). Place: Publisher. Smith, K.L., & Jones, K.P., & Douglas, J.J. (2000). Communication theory. In A.J. Smith & K.L. Jones (Eds.), Communication and the media (pp.2-34). New York: Plenum Press.

21. End-of-text Referencing • Referencing journals: Author, A.A., Author, B.B., & Author, C.C. (Year). Title of article. Journal name, Issue number, pages. Smithers, R.K. (1976). English morphology for Asian speakers. TESOL Studies, 17, 19 – 27. Smithers, R.K., Sweeney, G., & Sutherland, P.E. (1979). English phonology for Asian speakers. TESOL Studies, 18, 39 – 46.

22. End-of-text Referencing • Referencing electronic journals: Surname, Initials. (Year). Title of article. Journal name, Edition number, pages. Retrieved month, day, year, from source. Smith, K.L., (2000). Role of supervisors in performance. Performance Management, 2, 23-45. Retrieved August 23, 2006, from http://www.performance.com/article1.

23. End-of-text Referencing • Referencing websites (if no author is given, start with the title): Surname, Initials. (Year, month day). Name of web page. Retrieved month day, year, from Name of Web Site: www.url.co.nz Smith, K.L. (2000, February 20). Role of supervisors in performance. Retrieved November 28, 2009, from Performance Management: http://www.performance.com/supervisors

24. Summary • Referencing acknowledges the ideas of others • We refer to those ideas by summarising, paraphrasing or quoting • References need to be written in specific ways • We don’t need to memorise the format, but can look it up each time we need it • A reference list includes all the references included in the assignment

25. Remember… If you need more help, just ask your Kaiako, Librarian or Student Support Advisor. We are here for you!