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Development

Development. Area vs. Approach Child Psychology Infancy Adolescence Adulthood Old Age Prenatal. Development. Life-Span Human Development From Conception to Death. Zygote to Infant. Prenatal Development. Stage 1 = Zygote ( the fertilized egg)

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Development

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  1. Development Area vs. Approach Child Psychology Infancy Adolescence Adulthood Old Age Prenatal

  2. Development Life-Span Human Development From Conception to Death

  3. Zygote to Infant

  4. Prenatal Development Stage 1 = Zygote (the fertilized egg) 2 week period of rapid cell division (undifferentiated) Ends with implantation to uterine wall Over half do not successfully implant

  5. Prenatal Development Stage 2 = Embryo human organism from 2 weeks through 8 weeks Begins with implantation to the uterine wall Placenta and major organs form, heart beats, liver makes red blood cells

  6. Prenatal Development Stage 3 = Fetus human organism from 8 weeks after conception to birth rapid growth of brain and body in final 3 months

  7. Prenatal Development Nature AND nurture matter in utero Critical periods (nurture) – particular stages of development when certain environmental influences have the most impact Teratogen - any factor (e.g., chemicals, viruses) that can reach the embryo or fetus and cause a birth defect Nicotine – low birth weight, learning disabilities Marijuana – irritability, nervousness, tremors Cocaine – respiratory problems, learning disabilities, seizures

  8. Prenatal Development Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman’s heavy drinking (five drinks per day) symptoms include facial misproportions, mental retardation, behavior problems

  9. Critical Period:ThalidomidePoor Nutrition (e.g., protein deficiency)

  10. Nature vs. Nurture Nature Genetics Nurture Experience Environment Learning Heritability

  11. Conception and Twins Monozygotic twins – (identical twins) one zygote splits into two separate but identical masses of cells each develops into a separate embryo. Dizygotic twins – (fraternal twins) two eggs are separately fertilized by different sperm each develops into a separate zygote, then a separate embryo.

  12. Nature vs. Nurture Nature Genetics Nurture Experience Environment Learning Heritability Twin Studies Monozygotic (identical) vs. Dizygotic (fraternal)

  13. Cognitive Development • Piaget (Cognitive) • Sensorimotor • Preoperational • primitive concepts • 3. Concrete Operational • rules • 4. Formal Operational • abstract Movement & Manipulation Object Permanence Movement & Manipulation Single words, egocentrism Conservation Hypothetical reasoning

  14. Cognitive Development Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development Schema Cognitive structure Accommodation Creating or extending a schema Assimilation Using an existing schema

  15. Cognitive & Moral Development • Piaget (Cognitive) • Sensorimotor • Preoperational • primitive concepts • 3. Concrete Operational • rules • 4. Formal Operational • abstract • hypothetical reasoning • Kohlberg (Moral) • (none) • Preconventional • reward/punishment • 3. Conventional • rules • 4. Post-Conventional Moral Dilemmas

  16. Studying Development Cross-Sectional Age Cohort Longitudinal Time Series

  17. Adult Development Stage -- Crisis • Independence • Marriage • Parenthood • Career • Mid-Life Crisis 6. Post-Parental 7. Separation Distress 8. Old Age 9. Death

  18. Marital Satisfaction over the Life Span

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