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Molecular Gas at High Redshift

Molecular Gas at High Redshift. Axel Weiss MPIfR Bonn. D. Downes, F. Walter, C. Henkel. SMGs with Laboca. 30’. Laboca: Wavelength: 870 µm Bandwidth: 60 GHz Resolution: 18.6’’ FoV: 10.4’ Pixels: 250 Sensitivity: 50 mJy √s. ~2mJy rms 100h.

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Molecular Gas at High Redshift

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  1. Molecular Gas at High Redshift Axel Weiss MPIfR Bonn D. Downes, F. Walter, C. Henkel

  2. SMGs with Laboca 30’ Laboca: Wavelength: 870 µm Bandwidth: 60 GHz Resolution: 18.6’’ FoV: 10.4’ Pixels: 250 Sensitivity: 50 mJy √s ~2mJy rms 100h

  3. High-z Lines : submm observations @ mm wavelength z 1-6: 1” ~ 5 - 10Kpc single pointing determines the total flux density of a galaxy average source properties Molecular Gas tracers: 12 CO J >2 transitions CI (1-0) & (2-1) CII HCN (J>2)

  4. CO(1-0) Dame, Hartmann & Thadeus 2001 CO line SED of the MW GC inner disk outer disk dense diffuse COBE (Fixen etal 1999)

  5. High-z Line Targets (z = 1.4 –6.4): • Source z LFIR(app) • x1013 SL • --------------------------- • APM08279 3.91 20.0 • BR1202 4.69 7.1 • F10214 2.29 6.0 • Cloverleaf 2.56 5.9 • RXJ0911 2.79 5.1 • MG0751 3.20 4.9 • SMM16359 2.52 4.5 • LBQS1230 2.74 3.6 • VCVJ1409 2.58 3.5 • LBQS0018 2.62 3.3 • MG0414 2.64 3.2 • SMMJ04135 2.85 3.1 • PSS2322 4.12 3.0 • BR1335 4.40 2.8 • SDSSJ1148 6.41 2.7 • : • SMM14011 2.56 2.0 • : • HR10 1.44 0.65 Solomon & VandenBout 2005 Cloverleaf- Bure CO76 PSS2322 VLA CO21 Carilli etal 2003 Alloin etal 1997

  6. IRAM 30m CO observations: 14 sources 40 detections (+literature) CO(3-2) to (11-10)

  7. CO line SEDs at high-z • 13/14 sources are described by a single gas component • All molecular gas distributions are compact (<1.5kpc) Cloverleaf F10214 APM0827 MG0751 BR1202 PSS1409 RXJ0911 SMM14011 SMM16359B HR10 SMM04431

  8. Normalized high-z CO SEDs Tkin ~40 – 60 K (Tdust ~ 50 K) n(H2) ~ 10 3.6-4.3cm-3 Tkin ~ 200 K (Tdust ~ 200 K) n(H2) ~ 10 4.2 cm-3 Strongly lensed (m=80-100) central ~200pc surrounding the QSO. AGN heating! Tkin ~ 30-50 K (Tdust ~ 30-50 K) n(H2) ~ 10 2.7-3.5 cm-3

  9. center dense diffuse No Evidence for disks/outflows/tidal streams M82 CO(1-0) High-z (QSOs): No evidence for excess flux in J<5-4 transitions compared to the dominant CO component -> no/little gas with H2 densities < 104 cm-3 PSS2322 z=4.1: total diffuse

  10. low density gas Local Merger(s) & ULIRG(s) Almost no data beyond CO(3-2) Only examples: Antennae & Mrk231 Antennae Mrk231 Papadopoulos etal 2007 Apex CO(4-3) Zhu etal 2003

  11. CO SEDs high and low-z: Local starburstscenters: Similar too high-z QSOs Tkin ~ 50 - 70 K (Tdust ~ 50 K); n(H2) ~ 10 4.0cm-3 But: mean CO(3-2)/CO(1-0) ~0.7 for local SB -> presumably due to low excitation gas in the surrounding disks. Antennae: low CO excitation in OLR Tkin ~ 30K, n(H2) ~ 10 3.0cm-3

  12. Antennae M51 Arp220 Mrk 231 rCO ~200 pc rCO ~ 4kpc rCO ~ 500 pc rCO ~ 1.5kpc Potential effect of galaxy merging on the CO SEDs AGN heating Advanced mergers & starbursts Early mergers quite disk galaxies LFIR, SFR, n(H2)

  13. Where is the SF gas in the CO SEDs? Gao etal 2007 Local universe: H2 densities of HCN emitting volume ~ 105 cm-3 High-z: HCN observations at high-z extremely difficult and time consuming (IHCN ~ 0.2 ICO), but detected in a few cases. H2 densities from CO ~ 104 cm-3 Where is the dense gas in the CO SEDs?

  14. Relation to HCN GC PSS2322 z=4.1 2 component CO model: Tkin = Tdust=50K for both n(H2) ~ 104 cm-3 (ff=85%) n(H2) ~ 105.1 cm-3 (ff=15%)

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