Chapter 15 Therapies

1. Chapter 15 Therapies

2. Moral Therapy Jean-Baptiste Pussin and Phillipe Pinel Dorothea Dix Declined during latter half of 19th century Failed to effectively treat severe cases �Warehousing� in state hospitals

3. Community-Based Care 1950s ~ Call for reform 1960s ~ Community mental health system Availability of antipsychotic drugs Community-based mental health centers Outpatient care, day treatment, crisis intervention Deinstitutionalization Jail? Skid row?

4. Biological Therapies Medical Model Treatments to reduce or eliminate symptoms by altering the way the body functions Common Forms of Therapy Drug Therapy Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) Psychosurgery

5. Drug Therapy

6. Critical Controversy: Treating Children Are drugs necessary in treatment?

7. Biological Therapies Electroconvulsive Therapy Small electric current produces a brief seizure Used to treat major depressive disorder Efficacy and side effects Psychosurgery Prefrontal lobotomies Efficacy

8. Psychotherapy Help people recognize, define, and overcome psychological and interpersonal difficulties Psychodynamic therapies Humanistic therapies Behavior therapies Cognitive therapies

9. Psychodynamic Therapies Sigmund Freud Emphasis of this Approach Unconscious mind Therapeutic interpretation Early childhood experiences Goals of Therapy Recognize maladaptive coping strategies Identify sources of unconscious conflicts

10. Freud�s Psychoanalysis Focus and Goals of Psychoanalysis Therapeutic Techniques Free association Catharsis Interpretation

11. Freud�s Psychoanalysis Therapeutic Techniques Dream Analysis Manifest content Latent content Transference Resistance Contemporary Psychodynamic Therapies

12. Sexual Symbolism in Dreams

13. Humanistic Therapies Carl Rogers and Fritz Perls Emphasis of this Approach Conscious thoughts The present Self-healing capacities Goals of Therapy Encourage people to understand themselves Promote personal growth

14. Roger�s Client-Centered Therapy Focus and Goals of Client-Centered Therapy Therapeutic Techniques Active listening Reflective speech Unconditional positive regard Empathy and authenticity

15. Perls�s Gestalt Therapy Focus and Goals of Gestalt Therapy Therapeutic Techniques Verbal confrontation Role playing

16. Behavior Therapies Emphasis of this Approach Overt behaviors are the problem Goals of Therapy Reduce or eliminate maladaptive behaviors Classical and Operant Conditioning Social Cognitive Approaches

17. Behavior Therapies Classical Conditioning Techniques Counterconditioning Systematic desensitization Develop hierarchy of fears Practice relaxation techniques Learn to relax instead of feeling anxious Conditioning Noxious stimuli paired with conditioned stimulus

18. Desensitization Hierarchy

19. Aversive Conditioning

20. Behavior Therapies Operant Conditioning Techniques Behavior modification Token economy Appropriate behavior reinforced with tokens Tokens exchanged for desired rewards Used in classrooms and mental hospitals Efficacy and criticisms

21. Cognitive Therapies Albert Ellis, Aaron Beck, Albert Bandura Emphasis of this Approach Thoughts are the primary source of abnormal behavior and psychological problems Focus on overt problems Structured and analytical approach Goals of Therapy Cognitive Restructuring

22. Cognitive Therapies Ellis�s Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy Irrational and self-defeating beliefs are harmful Eliminate beliefs through rational examination Directive, persuasive, confrontational Beck�s Cognitive Therapy Illogical thoughts ? psychological problems Challenge accuracy of automatic thoughts Less directive, reflective, open-ended dialogue

23. Cognitive Therapies Albert Bandura and Self Efficacy Cognitive-Behavior Therapy Emphasizes self-defeating thoughts Pursues behavioral change Self-instructional methods Efficacy of Cognitive Therapies

24. Comparison of Psychotherapies

25. Intersection: Clinical Neuroscience Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Brain Imaging Studies Emotion regulation Depression PTSD Hypofrontality Cognitive Remediation Therapy (CRT)

26. Sociocultural Approaches and Issues Approaches to Therapy and Issues Group therapy Family and couples therapy Self-help support groups Community mental health Cultural perspectives on therapy Emphasis of this approach Influence of various social and cultural factors

27. Sociocultural Approaches and Issues Group Therapy Features of this approach Advantages and disadvantages Family and Couples Therapy Symptoms are a function of relationships

28. Sociocultural Approaches and Issues Self-Help Support Groups Conducted by paraprofessionals Advantages and disadvantages Community Mental Health Primary prevention Secondary prevention Tertiary prevention Cultural Perspectives

29. Effectiveness of Psychotherapy Research and Analysis Common Themes in Psychotherapy Expectations Mastery Emotional arousal Therapeutic alliance Therapy Integrations Biopsychosocial model of abnormal behavior

30. Effectiveness of Psychotherapy??

31. Issues in Psychotherapy Mental Health Professionals Clinical psychologists Psychiatrists Counselors Guidelines for Seeking Professional Help Identify the professional�s credentials Give therapy some time Be a thoughtful and careful consumer

32. Eclectic Therapy Draws upon principles and techniques representing different schools of therapy Most widely endorsed theoretical orientation

33. Mental Health Professionals