Regents Format

1. Regents Format • 50 Multiple Choice Questions • 1 Thematic Essay • 1 DBQ • 8 – 12 Scaffolding Questions • 3 Hours • You must stay for 2 hours • Essay and docs in blue or black pen • Multiple choice in pencil

2. Questions • Questions 1 – 40 (approx) are chronological • Questions 40 – 50 are random • Maps, charts, graphs, quotes, and passages make up to 15 questions • 30 (or so) questions from Global 10

3. Needs • 2 Pencils • Blue or Black Pens • Essay in pen • Sign your name • Eat breakfast • Sleep

4. Card #1: Social Studies/Early People • Nomads/Hunter-Gatherers – people who moved from place to place and followed food sources • Neolithic Revolution – beginning of farming, permanent settlements, and domesticated animals • River Valleys – Cradle of Civilization, fertile land

5. Card #1: Early People/History • Culture/Cultural Diffusion • Civilization – governments, writing, laws, architecture • Primary Source – first hand account • Economist – Money • Anthropologist – Studies people • Archaeologist – Studies artifacts

6. Card #2 – China/Yellow River • Huang He (Yellow) River – “River of Sorrows”; loess makes it yellow and fertile • Dynastic Cycle – leader rules until he loses the Mandate of Heaven • Written language

8. Card #3 – Mesopotamia: Tigris and Euphrates Rivers • Rivers flood and leave behind fertile silt • Major city-state: Sumer; • Also known as Fertile Crescent • Modern day Iraq • Polytheistic. Built temples called ziggurats • System of writing was cuneiform

9. Card #3 – Mesopotamia: Tigris and Euphrates Rivers (cont) Babylonians: • Hammurabi – written system of laws; • unequal for poor • “an eye for an eye”

11. Card #4 – Egypt: Nile River • Hieroglyphics – system of writing • Papyrus - paper • Contributions: science, medicine, math, pyramids • Advanced Civilization • Pharaoh • Polytheism

13. Card #5: Classical Greece • Located on Mediterranean Sea; Greeks became skilled seafarers • Geography: Many small islands and mountains led to disunity among Greeks and creation of independent city-states • Sparta: militaristic • Athens: education, culture and first direct democracy • Athens was a limited democracy (only adult, land owning male citizens could vote) • Philosophy in Athens: Socrates, Plato

15. Card #5: Classical Greece (cont) Alexander the Great: • created a large empire and culture that included Greek, Indian, Persian, and Egyptian cultures • Became known as Hellenistic Culture • Advancements in science, math, architecture (GOLDEN AGE)

17. Card #6: Classical Rome • Rome begins as a Republic: government officials chosen by the people • Social Classes: Patricians (rich) and Plebeians (poor) • The Senate was the governing body • 12 Tables – written laws (compare with…) • Rome becomes an empire • Pax Romana – period of peace in the Roman Empire (led by Augustus Caesar)

18. Card #6: Classical Rome • Roman Impact: Laws, architecture, roads, aqueducts, Greco-Roman culture • Bread and Circus – gladiator fights • Fall of Rome: corruption, invasions, high taxes • Rome is divided into two parts to make it more manageable (western empire called Rome, eastern called Byzantine)

20. Card #7: Byzantine Empire • The Roman Empire is split because it is too large • The western part was Rome and the eastern part was Byzantine • Byzantine preserved Roman culture and laws with Justinian’s Code of Laws (compare with…) • Greatly influenced Russia’s alphabet (Cyrillic) and religion (Orthodox Christianity)

22. Card #8 – Trading Routes • Silk Road (China) stretched up to 4000 miles– cultural diffusion • Phoenicians – Mediterranean trading empire. Contribution - alphabet • Zheng He (China) – sea trade. Canton, China became trading center

23. Card #9 – Christianity and Judaism • Monotheistic • Ten Commandments – written laws, moral and ethical code of conduct • Torah – Jewish holy book, half of the Christian Bible (Old Testament) • Important people: Jesus, Moses

24. Card #10 - Islam • Monotheistic • God: Allah • Founder: Muhammad • Holy City – Mecca • Holy Book – Koran (Qu’ran)

25. Islam (cont) • 5 Pillars of Islam – • Faith – in one God • Prayer – 5X per day facing Mecca • Fasting – one month during daylight • Pilgrimage (hajj) – to Mecca once in your life • Alms (Charity) – to the less fortunate

26. Card #11 – Hinduism and Buddhism Hinduism: • Caste system: social class system with no mobility • Reincarnation – rebirth. Which caste determined by karma (actions in life; can be good or bad) and dharma (moral and religious duties) • Moksha – enlightenment; end of reincarnation

27. Card #11: Hinduism and Buddhism (cont) Buddhism • Founder: Siddhartha Guatama • Reincarnation (same as Hindu) • Nirvana: enlightenment; end of reincarnation (same as moksha)

28. Card #11: Hinduism and Buddhism (cont) Buddhist Holy Laws • Four Noble Truths • Suffering exists because of desire. No desire, no suffering • Eightfold Path – The way to avoid suffering

29. Card #12: Other Religions Confucianism (China): • Everyone has a duty or responsibility based on their position in life • 5 Relationships: Inferior must serve superior • Filial Piety: Respect for parents • Basis for civil service exams in China

30. Card #12: Other Religions (cont) Shinto and Animism • Spirits exist in everything • Worship of nature

31. Card #13: Islamic Civilization Golden Age: • preserved Greco-Roman culture • Learning: algebra, medicine, architecture

32. KING LORDS VASSALS KNIGHTS SERFS

33. Card #14: Medieval Europe • Feudalism (MANORIALISM) – social and political system where everyone had a responsibility to someone else • All lived on a manor; self-sufficient • Lords owned land, knights protected it (chivalry), serfs worked the land • Church was very powerful • Black Plague killed many; spread thru trade

34. Card #15: The Crusades • Pope asks Christians to take back the Holy Land (Jerusalem) from the Muslims • They go because: promised heaven, gain land, excitement, escape feudalism • Christians win at first, but can’t keep Jerusalem • Effects: trade, new products, learning, cultural diffusion, feudalism ends

35. Card #16 - Japan EMPEROR SHOGUN DAIMYO SAMURAI PEASANTS

36. Card #16 - Japan • Borrow culture from Korea and China • Feudalism • Daimyo = Lord • Samurai = Knight • Bushido = Chivalry

37. Card #17 - Mongols

38. Card #17 - Mongols • Unified by Genghis Khan • Warriors on horseback; nomads • Very large empire • Pax Mongolia: stability and peace • Marco Polo: traveled and wrote about time with Mongols in China

39. Card #18: West African Civs

40. Card #18: West African Civs • Mali, Ghana, Songhai engaged in salt and gold trade through the Sahara • Timbuktu: center of learning and trade • Mansa Musa: spread Islam

41. Card #19: Renaissance

42. Card #19: Renaissance • Begins in Italy b/c of ports, patrons who pay for art • Humanism: focus on the individual and present life • Michelangelo: Sistine Chapel, David • Da Vinci: Renaissance Man • Shakespeare: sonnets, plays • Machiavelli: wrote The Prince, gain and keep power at any cost • Printing press: invented by Gutenberg; increased literacy and spread ideas

43. Card #20 – Protestant Reformation • Martin Luther posts the 95 Theses complaining about the Church, specifically the sale of indulgences, or pardons for sins • Protestants: Christian religions that “protested” the Catholic Church • John Calvin: Calvinism; predestination (your path in life is already chosen) • King Henry VIII created Anglican Church, or Church of England

45. Card #21: Counter (Catholic) Reformation • Catholic Church reforms to win back followers by holding the Council of Trent • Reformation leads to disunity in religion in Europe

46. Card #22: Spain/Portugal • Use of sailing technology such as the compass, astrolabe, and caravel allows Spain and Portugal explore • Dias and da Gama sail to and around the tip of Africa • Columbus sails to “India” • New trade routes created • Spanish conquistadors

47. Card #22: Spain/Portugal

48. Card #23 - Mesoamerica

49. Aztecs • Mexico City • Advanced Civilization – architecture, science, math, calendar • Polytheistic • Chinampas – floating gardens (adapting to environment)

50. Maya