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APBIO- Chpt 12 Cell Division Overview- Part 2

APBIO- Chpt 12 Cell Division Overview- Part 2. Warm-Up : List where the 3 checkpoints occur in cell cycle of a cell carrying out mitosis. Objectives. (1) The student will be able to compare and contrast binary fission and mitosis .

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APBIO- Chpt 12 Cell Division Overview- Part 2

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  1. APBIO- Chpt 12 Cell Division Overview- Part 2 Warm-Up: List where the 3 checkpoints occur in cell cycle of a cell carrying out mitosis.

  2. Objectives • (1) The student will be able to compare and contrast binary fission and mitosis. • (2) The student will be able to list and describe how some eukaryotes reproduce through mitosis. • (3) The student will be able to identify internal and external factors that regulate cell division. • (4) The student will be able to explain cancer in terms of the cell cycle.

  3. Cell Division in Prokaryotes • Binary fission is similar in function to mitosis. • Asexual reproduction is the creation of offspring from a single parent. • Binary fission produces two daughter cells genetically identical to the parent cell. • Binary fission occurs in prokaryotes.

  4. Reflection • (1) Compare and contrast binary fission and mitosis.

  5. Asexual Reproduction • Environment determines what form of reproduction is most advantageous. • Asexual reproduction is an advantage in consistently favorable conditions. • Sexual reproduction is an advantage in changing conditions.

  6. Asexual Reproduction • Some eukaryotes reproduce through mitosis. • Budding forms a new organism from a small projection growing on the surface of the parent.

  7. Asexual Reproduction • Fragmentation is the splitting of the parent into pieces that each grow into a new organism. • Vegetative reproduction forms a new plant from the modification of a stem or underground structure on the parent plant.

  8. Reflection • (2) List and describe how some eukaryotes reproduce through mitosis.

  9. Regulation of the Cell Cycle • Internal and external factors regulate cell division. • External factors include physical and chemical signals. • Growth factors are proteins that stimulate cell division. • Most mammal cells form a single layer in a culture dish and stop dividing once they touch other cells.

  10. Regulation of the Cell Cycle • Two of the most important internal factors are kinases and cyclins. • External factors trigger internal factors, which affect the cell cycle.

  11. Regulation of the Cell Cycle • Apoptosis is programmed cell death. • a normal feature of healthy organisms • caused by a cell’s production of self-destructive enzymes • occurs indevelopmentof infants

  12. Reflection • (3) Identify internal and external factors that regulate cell division.

  13. Regulation of the Cell Cycle • Cell division is uncontrolled in cancer. • Cancer cells form disorganized clumps called tumors. • Benign tumors remain clustered and can be removed. • Malignant tumors metastasize, or break away, and can form more tumors.

  14. Regulation of the Cell Cycle • Cancer cells do not carry out necessary functions. • Cancer cells come from normal cells with damage to genes involved in cell-cycle regulation.

  15. Regulation of the Cell Cycle • Carcinogens are substances known to promote cancer. • Standard cancer treatments typically kill both cancerous and healthy cells.

  16. Mini Virtual Lab • CANCER • In this quick virtual lab you will compare normal cells with cancerous cells and observe the differences between them. • PURPOSE • Students will observe and compare normal cells and cancerous cells. • PROBLEM • How do normal and cancerous cells compare? • MATERIALS • Computer images to include: slides of normal cells and slides of cancerous cells

  17. Mini Virtual Lab • PROCEDURE • 1. Examine slides of normal cells under the microscope using virtual computer images. Draw and describe your observations. • 2. Repeat step 1 with virtual computer slides of cancer cells.

  18. NORMAL HUMAN SKIN CELLS

  19. Skin Cells- Another Use • Human skin cells can provide stem-cell-like properties.

  20. HUMAN SKIN CANCER CELLS

  21. Mini Virtual Lab • ANALYZE & CONCLUDE • Compare. How does the structure of the normal cells compare with the structure of the cancerous cells for each of the slides you viewed? • Infer. Cancer cells not only appear different from normal cells but they also divide more rapidly. Why do you think chemotherapy, a common treatment for cancer, results in the loss of hair?

  22. Reflection • (4) Explain cancer in terms of the cell cycle.

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