1 / 19

Chapter 12

Chapter 12. Maternal and Fetal Nutrition Debbie Hogan RN. Maternal and Fetal Nutrition. Good nutrition before and during pregnancy an important preventive measure Low-birth-weight (LBW) infants Preterm infants Neonatal death rates for moderate LBW are five times higher than babies >2500 g

olisa
Télécharger la présentation

Chapter 12

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 12 Maternal and Fetal Nutrition Debbie Hogan RN

  2. Maternal and Fetal Nutrition • Good nutrition before and during pregnancy an important preventive measure • Low-birth-weight (LBW) infants • Preterm infants • Neonatal death rates for moderate LBW are five times higher than babies >2500 g • The risk for VLBW is 100 times higher

  3. Nutrient Needs Before Conception • First trimester crucial for embryonic and fetal organ development • Healthful diet before conception ensures that adequate nutrients are available for developing fetus • Folic acid intake important in periconceptual period • Neural tube defects are more common in infants of women with poor folic acid intake

  4. Fig. 12-1. Factors that influence the outcome of pregnancy.

  5. Nutrient Needs During Pregnancy • Energy needs • Weight gain • Body mass index (BMI) = weight/height2 • Pattern for weight gain • Hazards of restricting adequate weight gain • Protein • Fluids

  6. Nutrient Needs During Pregnancy—cont’d • Minerals and vitamins • Iron • Calcium • Other minerals and electrolytes • Magnesium • Sodium • Potassium • Zinc • Fluoride

  7. Nutrient Needs During Pregnancy—cont’d • Minerals and vitamins • Fat-soluble vitamins • Vitamins A, D, E, and K • Water-soluble vitamins • Folate or folic acid • Pyridoxine • Vitamin C • Multivitamin-multimineral supplements

  8. Nutrient Needs During Pregnancy—cont’d • Other nutrition issues during pregnancy • Pica and food cravings • Adolescent pregnancy needs • Improve nutritional health of pregnant adolescents by focusing on knowledge and planning of meals • Nutrition interventions and educational programs effective with adolescents • Understanding factors that create barriers to change in adolescent population • Promote access to prenatal care

  9. Nutrient Needs During Pregnancy—cont’d • Physical activity during pregnancy • Moderate exercise yields many benefits, including improving muscle tone, shortening course of labor, and sense of well-being • Liberal amounts of fluid should be consumed before, during, and after exercise • Calorie intake sufficient to meet increased needs of pregnancy and exercise

  10. Nutrient Needs During Lactation • Nutrition needs during lactation similar to those during pregnancy • Needs for energy (calories), protein, calcium, iodine, zinc, the B vitamins, and vitamin C greater than nonpregnant needs

  11. Nutrient Needs During Lactation—cont’d • Energy intake increase of 500 kcal more than woman’s nonpregnant intake recommended • Smoking, alcohol intake, and excessive caffeine intake should be avoided during lactation

  12. Nursing Care Management • Assessment • Diet history • Obstetric and gynecologic effects on nutrition • Medical history • Usual maternal diet • Physical examination • Laboratory testing

  13. Nursing Care Management—cont’d • Plan of care and implementation • Adequate dietary intake • Pregnancy • Postpartum • Daily food guide and menu planning • Medical nutrition therapy • Counseling about iron supplementation

  14. Nursing Care Management—cont’d • Plan of care and implementation • Adequate dietary intake • Coping with nutrition-related discomforts of pregnancy • Nausea and vomiting • Constipation • Pyrosis (heartburn) • Cultural influences • Vegetarian diets

  15. Nutrition & Adolescent Pregnancy • Adolescent attempting to meet needs of her growing body • Now needs nutrients for fetus • Weight restriction/mask the pregnancy • Insufficient dietary intake=SGA

  16. Key Points • Woman’s nutritional status before, during, and after pregnancy contributes to her well-being and that of her infant • Physiologic changes during pregnancy influence need for additional nutrients and efficiency with which the body uses them • Total maternal weight gain and pattern of weight gain are important determinants of outcome of pregnancy

  17. Key Points—cont’d • Appropriateness of mother’s prepregnancy weight for height (BMI) is major determinant of recommended weight gain during pregnancy • Nutritional risk factors include adolescent pregnancy; bizarre or faddish food habits; abuse of nicotine, alcohol, or drugs; low weight for height; and frequent pregnancies

  18. Key Points—cont’d • Iron supplementation is recommended routinely during pregnancy • Other supplements recommended when nutritional risk factors present • Nurse and woman influenced by cultural and personal values and beliefs during nutrition counseling

  19. Key Points—cont’d • Pregnancy complications that may be nutrition related include: • Anemia • Gestational hypertension • Gestational diabetes • Intrauterine growth restriction • Dietary adaptations can be effective interventions for some common discomforts of pregnancy, including nausea and vomiting, constipation, and heartburn

More Related