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ALEXANDER THE GREAT AND HELLENISM. ALEXANDER & HELLENISM weakened by the Peloponnesian War, the Greeks are defeated by Phillip II at the battle of Chaeronea Most Macedonians considered themselves Greeks but were looked down upon by the Greeks
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ALEXANDER & HELLENISM • weakened by the Peloponnesian War, the Greeks are defeated by Phillip II at the battle of Chaeronea • Most Macedonians considered themselves Greeks but were looked down upon by the Greeks • Phillip further develops “Phalanx” strategy, which is refined by his son Alexander • Phillip was obsessed with revenge against Persia and passed it on to his son PHILLIP II ALEXANDER
ALEXANDER & HELLENISM • Phillip’s relationship with Alexander was complex to say the least. He was tutored by Aristotle. • Phillip was killed at his daughter’s wedding by the captain of his bodyguard. Alexander becomes king at age 20. Did Olympias have something to do with it? • Alexander has his rivals murdered. • Several Greek city states openly rebelled after Phillip’s death. Alexander ruthlessly put down revolts. • 334 BC- Alexander begins an invasion of Persia with 35000 soldiers. • Alexander defeats Darius at several battles, the most decisive of which is Gaugamela.
ALEXANDER & HELLENISM • Alexander eventually reaches the Indus River Valley. • His soldiers are beginning to turn against him and he departs for Babylon where he dies at age 32 after a bout of excessive drinking. • Alexander’s cultural impact. • Greek culture meshes with Egyptian, Persian, and Indian influences. Becomes known as “Hellenistic” culture. • Alexandria emerges as a cultural and commercial center • Astronomy: Aristarchus, Eratosthenes and Ptolemy • Euclid and geometry • Archimedes
