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Essential Question(s)

Essential Question(s). What problems & successes did the Continental Army experience during the early battles of the Revolution’s second phase? . War in the Middle States. Chapter 7 Section 1 (Pt II). Anticipating the Next Attack.

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Essential Question(s)

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  1. Essential Question(s) • What problems & successes did the Continental Army experience during the early battles of the Revolution’s second phase?

  2. War in the Middle States Chapter 7 Section 1 (Pt II)

  3. Anticipating the Next Attack • After GW had forced the British to flee Boston, he hurried his army to camp in NYC • He fully expected the British to regroup, return, and attack NY next • One British goal was to occupy the major colonial port cities (Boston, NYC, Philly, & Charleston) • This would allow the British Navy to land troops and supplies easily • From these bases, they could also launch large scale campaigns

  4. Patriot Defeat • In July 1776, the British returned with a vengeance to the colonies • Gen. William Howe and his huge army arrived in NY harbor • More soldiers arrived in Aug., including 9,000 Hessians • Hessians were German mercenaries loaned to the British Army by the German govt.

  5. Summary/Quiz Question • Who were the Hessian mercenaries? • Enslaved Africans who were forced to fight • Women who were hired to work in the American camps • People who actively sacrificed their lives for the Revolution • Professional soldiers form Germany who fought for the British

  6. The Battle of Long Island • The Patriots were quickly defeated at the Battle of Long Island, outside NYC • GW’s army, consisting of mostly untrained troops, was quickly scattered by the superior British force • This defeat set off a long, slow retreat that covered 3 states

  7. Patriot Retreat • For several months, the raw Patriots continually lost pitched battles and were forced to give up ground • B/f the retreat was over, GW’s Army lost all of NY & eventually retreated through NJ and into PA • By the end of Oct. 1776, GW’s army was tired and morale was very low • Further complicating matters, most of GW’s soldiers’ enlistments were to end on Dec. 31 • GW knew he needed to attack and gain a victory in order to convince these men to re-enlist

  8. Victory at Trenton • On the morning after the Christmas ceasefire, 1776, GW’s troops decided to attack • They rowed across the Delaware R. and marched on the town of Trenton, NJ • Upon arriving, they planned to surprise a large group of Hessians stationed there • GW’s spies had reported that the Hessians had been up all night drinking & gambling and were vulnerable to attack • The Battle of Trenton was a Patriot rout • GW’s army captured or killed 900 Hessians and gained needed supplies in less than an hour

  9. Another Victory @ Princeton • GW also gained another victory 8 days later at Princeton, NJ • GW used a clever deception to fool the British lead force, then escaped and attacked a weaker force at the rear of the British column • These victories had some major effects: • Soldiers began to believe deeply in GW as their leader • The Continental Army began to attract new recruits

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