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Intro to the Circulatory System

Intro to the Circulatory System. Question of the Day: Do all animals have a circulatory system? Give support for your answer. Aquatic Organisms Without a Circulatory System. Goals for the Day.

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Intro to the Circulatory System

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  1. Intro to the Circulatory System

  2. Question of the Day:Do all animals have a circulatory system? Give support for your answer.

  3. Aquatic OrganismsWithout a Circulatory System

  4. Goals for the Day • List the two types of circulatory systems, how they function, and examples of organisms that have each type of system. • Describe the hearts of different vertebrates including the number of chambers and the pathways of the blood.

  5. Review from Friday Circulatory Systems may be: Open Closed or Examples: Examples: • Arthropods • Most Molluscs • Annelids • Some Molluscs • All Vertebrate Animals

  6. Circulatory Systems may be: Open Closed or Differences: • Hemolymph vs. Blood • Colorless vs. red • No O2 vs. O2 carriers

  7. Open vs. Closed Circulatory Systems

  8. Vertebrate Hearts may contain? (chambers) 2 3 4 Examples: Examples: Examples: • Fish • Amphibians • MOST reptiles • Alligators/Crocodiles • Birds • Mammals

  9. 2 chambered Heart • One circuit (single loop) pathway through the body • Advantage: gills receive O2 –poor blood, capillaries of the body (systemic capillaries) receive O2 rich blood. • Disadvantage: after leaving gills, the blood has lower pressure

  10. 3 chambered heart • Adaptation for life on land • 2 atria and a 1 ventricle • O2 poor blood is delivered to the lungs, and in some cases the skin for O2 recharging.

  11. 4 Chambered Hearts • Heart divided into left and right halves. • Advantage: Provides adequate pressure for both circuits (Pulmonary & Systemic)

  12. Comparison of Circulatory Circuitsin Vertebrates

  13. The Human Heart has 4 Chambers Two of Which are: Two of Which are: Atria Sing., Atrium Ventricles Whose Job is to: Whose Job is to: Pump Blood away from the heart Receive blood from circulation

  14. The three types of blood vessels in the cardiovascular (Gk. kardia, heart; L. vascular, vessel) system are • Veins (L. vena, blood vessel) • Arteries • Capillaries (L. capillus, hair)

  15. Goals for the Day

  16. Goals for the Day • Be able to list the components of the blood and the rough percentages of each component • Be able to label the major structures of the human heart.

  17. Question of the Day • What is the major difference between a 2 chambered and a 3 or 4 chambered heart? • List animals that have each type of heart.

  18. Giant Salamander & Lungfish

  19. Blood is composed of

  20. Blood is composed of

  21. Plasma is composed of • Water 90-92% • Proteins 7-8% • Gases • Salts • Nutrients • Other (Hormones)

  22. Composition of Blood

  23. Goals for the Day • Be able to label the major structures of the human heart.

  24. Question of the Day • What are the major components of the blood? For each component list its characteristics.

  25. Composition of Blood

  26. Composition of Blood

  27. Intro to the Respiratory System

  28. Goal for the Day:Learn the similarities and differences between the respiratory system of humans and other organisms

  29. Question of the Day: Do all animals have lungs or gills? What has to be true about animals that lack these?

  30. Do all animals have either lungs or gills? Question of the Day: What would have to be true of an organism that lacked these structures?

  31. Aquatic OrganismsWithout a Respiratory System 36

  32. Requirements of all respiratory systems The Lining must be: Moist & Thin • In order for gas to move across a membrane there has to be a liquid for diffusion.

  33. Requirements of all respiratory systems Must Have a High: Surface area to Volume Ratio

  34. Requirements of all respiratory systems Must Extract: Oxygen Must Release: Carbon Dioxide

  35. Requirements of all respiratory systems Must Extract: Oxygen Must Release: Carbon Dioxide • What are the 3 “major” components of air • Nitrogen • Oxygen • Argon • Carbon Dioxide

  36. Respiratory surfaces include: aquatics In worms Skin Gills or Exceptions: Exceptions: • Aquatic Mammals • Organisms with no lungs or gills (high SA/V, and thin bodies) • Some Aquatic worms

  37. Respiratory surfaces include: aquatics In worms Skin Gills or Exceptions: Exceptions: • Aquatic Mammals • Organisms with no lungs or gills (high SA/V, and thin bodies) • Some Aquatic worms

  38. Anatomy of Gills in Bony Fishes 43

  39. Respiratory surfaces include: In terrestrial Vertebrates In Insects & terrestrial arthropods Lungs or Tracheae Through spiracles Exceptions: • Amphibians (which also breath through their skin, thanks to the amazing properties of water!) • Does an insect have a closed or open circulatory system? • What do we know about its function then?

  40. Open vs. Closed Circulatory Systems 45

  41. Tracheae of Insects 46

  42. Human respiratory System Pathway 2 parts to cycle: Air Enters through 2 4 3 Air Pathway: • Amphibians • MOST reptiles Muscles Needed:

  43. Oxygen is carried by Which contain Which Cells Hemoglobin RBCs Which contains the metal ion: Fe

  44. Carbon Dioxide is carried by Dissolved in the: Mainly as the ___ ion Plasma Bicarbonate (HCO3)

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