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Cardenas and the Populist Interlude

Cardenas and the Populist Interlude. Cardenas. Revolution advanced Increase in land distribution, acricultural productivity, and quality of life Spirit of service among the bureaucracy. Land Reform. Land distributed in a variety of ways

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Cardenas and the Populist Interlude

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  1. Cardenas and the Populist Interlude

  2. Cardenas • Revolution advanced • Increase in land distribution, acricultural productivity, and quality of life • Spirit of service among the bureaucracy

  3. Land Reform • Land distributed in a variety of ways • The ejido (principal form) was a communal landholding system under which land could not be mortgaged or alienated. • Other form was rancho, a individual small holding • Collective ejidos: large-scale cultivation using large cooperative farms organized on a profit-sharing basis

  4. Land Reform Continued • 45 million acres were distributed • Promoted a general modernization of Mexican life, society, and industry • Agricultural production was the highest it had been at any time since the beginning of the revolution

  5. Problems • Structural defects • Much of the distributed land was of poor quality • Aid in the form of seeds, technical assistance, and credit was frequently inadequate • The government controlled farmer activities

  6. Labor Reform • Workers struck in unprecedented numbers for higher wages and better working conditions • 1936, Vicente LambardoToledano organized a new labor federation, the Confederacion de Trabajadores • Labor, the peasantry, and the army became the 3 main pillars of the official party renamed the Party of the Mexican Revolution (PRM)

  7. Problem • Labor’s loss of independence and the meshing of its organizations with the official apparatus led to a revival of corruption and reactionary control of trade unions

  8. Economic Reform • Industrial capitalism made significant strides • Favored Mexican industry with government loans and protective tariffs • Supported domestic investors that provided industrial loans that funded public welfare projects

  9. WWII • Greatly reduced the availability of imports which greatly stimulated the movement toward industrialization and import substitution • The oil nationalization = Mexican economic independence • 90% of mining industry remained in foreign hands

  10. Women’s Rights • Cardenas supported the constitutional reform “to grant equal rights” and pledged to guarantee that “working women have the right to participate in the electoral struggle” • However, the constitutional amendment permitting women’s suffrage in 1939 was struck down due to party infighting and the fear of the resurgence of Catholic conservatism

  11. Education • Rural school system improved • Displayed much concern for indigenous welfare

  12. Cardenas Growing Moderation • Abandoned many of his reforms • Slowed down the pace of land distribution and displayed a conciliatory attitude toward the entrepreneurial class

  13. Election of 1940 • General Manuel Avila Camancho was nominated and won with 99% of the vote • He was a Cardenas loyalist, devout catholic, and a man of generally conservative views • Disassociated himself from the radical leadership of the unions • Flexible attitude on the best form of agrarian reform

  14. The Storm that Swept Mexico • Video Clip 6/8 • Video Clip 7/8 • Video Clip 8/8

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