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Human African Trypanosomiasis ( sleeping sickness)

Human African Trypanosomiasis ( sleeping sickness). Ankita Desai. Kinetoplastids include Sleeping sickness. Approximately 400 million people are at risk of contracting a kinetoplastid disease. Distribution of funds for sleeping sickness. What is HAT?.

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Human African Trypanosomiasis ( sleeping sickness)

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  1. Human African Trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) Ankita Desai

  2. Kinetoplastids include Sleeping sickness. Approximately 400 million people are at risk of contracting a kinetoplastid disease.

  3. Distribution of funds for sleeping sickness

  4. What is HAT? • Human African Trypanosomiasis = “sleeping sickness” • Early stage vs. late stage

  5. How does one contract HAT? • Tsetse fly is a vector

  6. What causes disease? • Trypanosomabruceigambiense – chronic • Trypanosomabruceirhodesiense – acute; infects cattle and humans

  7. Structure of trypanosome • Nucleus • Kinetoplast (circular DNA inside mitochondrion) • Flagella for movement

  8. Transmission/The parasite’s life cycle

  9. Who does it affect? • 36 African countries & ~ 60 million people at risk in 1996. • WHO estimate: b/w 50,000 and 70,000 people are infected.

  10. Who is most susceptible? • At risk if near/on: • forest trails • water collection points in forests • Riverbanks • forest edges surrounding plantations • Flies are attracted by large moving objects and by CO2which is why they often feed on animals and humans • HAT mainly affects the most productive age group (15 to 45 years).

  11. How to detect HAt • Look for inflammation of the brain and its covering, the meninges • Tests include the following: • Blood smear • Cerebrospinal fluid tests • Complete blood count (CBC) • Lymph node aspiration

  12. How can we cure infected persons? • drug treatment • Melarsoprol • Eflornithine (T. gambienseonly) • Nifurtimox (used with Eflornithine)

  13. Problem of relapse and potential drug resistance Melarsoprol relapse rates in second-stage human African trypanosomiasis patients, Equateur Nord Province, 2001–2003

  14. How can the disease be prevented? • WHO suggests supplying people with tsetse fly traps

  15. QUESTIONS?

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