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THE COMMONWEALTH

THE COMMONWEALTH. By Ashley Clegg. OED DEFINITION. Public welfare; general good or advantage. 2. The whole body of people constituting a nation or state, the body politic; A state, an independent community, esp. viewed as a body in which the whole people have a voice or an interest.

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THE COMMONWEALTH

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  1. THE COMMONWEALTH By Ashley Clegg

  2. OED DEFINITION Public welfare; general good or advantage. 2. The whole body of people constituting a nation or state, the body politic; A state, an independent community, esp. viewed as a body in which the whole people have a voice or an interest. 3. A state in which the supreme power is vested in the people; a republic or democratic state. 4. The republican government established in England between the execution of Charles I in 1649 and the Restoration in 1660.

  3. Milton’s Definition of a Free Commonwealth • “a societie sufficient of it self, in all things conducible to well being and commodious life.” • “self governing democratie.”

  4. HISTORY Began with the execution of Charles I in January 1649. House of Commons renamed Rump Parliament. House of Lords abolished. Council of State appointed.

  5. Commonwealth Declared • May 19, 1649 England officially declared Commonwealth with House of Commons as supreme authority. • In 1650 a series of acts were passed to secure power and loyalty for the Commonwealth.

  6. End of 1st Commonwealth • April 20, 1653 Cromwell abolishes Rump Parliament. • December 16, 1653 Commonwealth ends when Cromwell is named Lord Protector.

  7. Comeback • Came back in 1659 after Richard Cromwell failed to carry out his father’s policies. • May 6, 1659 Rump Parliament reinstalled. • Long Parliament dissolved again March 16, 1660.

  8. MILTON’S ROLE Great advocate for the Commonwealth at first. Thought Cromwell was trying to take too much power for himself. Secretary for Foreign Tongues to the Council of State. Sacrificed his poetic career and eyesight. Forced into hiding and eventually imprisoned.

  9. Milton’s Views • “as the Magistrate was set above the people, so the Law was set above the Magistrate.” • “all men naturally were borne free…and were by privilege above all the creatures, born to command and not obey.” • Monarchy is acceptable only under these conditions.

  10. Works Cited • "English Commonwealth and Protectorate," Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2006 <http://uk.encarta.msn.com 1997-2006 Microsoft Corporation>. • Lovett, Frank. “Milton’s Case for a Free Commonwealth.” American Journal of Political Science. 49.3 (2005): 466-478. • Plant, David. “British Civil Wars, Commonwealth, and Protectorate 1638-1660.” 2001. 23 Feb. 2007 <http://www.british-civil- wars.co.uk/timelines/parliament.htm>.

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