Themes of Geography

1. Themes of Geography Location, regions, place, movement, human-environmental interaction

2. Location • Where is it? • Continent? • Country? • State? • City? • Exact coordinates (latitude & longitude)

3. Where is New Orleans?

4. Regions • Share at least one common feature • The world can be divided into many types of regions • Continents- Africa, Asia, Australia • Countries- Nigeria, Mali, Ghana, (West Africa)

5. States- California, Oregon, Washington • Cities- Minneapolis, St. Paul • Political regions

6. Place • Natural and human features that make one place different than every other place • Landforms- Grand Canyon, Mount Everest • Climate- Rain Forest, Deserts, Ice Caps • Plants- Cactus, Venus Fly Trap, Indigenous plants

7. Animals- Polar bears, lions, seals, rattle snakes • People- Zulu warriors, Celtic Clans • Language • Culture

8. Movement • How do people, goods, and ideas move from place to place? • Silks from China • Pizza from Italy • Name something in America that originated in another country!

9. Human-Environment Interaction • Relationships between people and the environment • How people live, work, dress, travel, and communicate

10. Jacksonville, NC • Describe Jacksonville by using each of the five themes of geography • Location • Regions • Place • Movement • Interaction

11. Quick write • Use your notes to summarize what you have learned in a well written paragraph. • 10 minutes

12. Location Movements of the Earth Page M2-M3

13. The Earth • Revolves around the sun in a circular path called an orbit • Revolution- one complete orbit around the sun is 365 ¼ days (1 year) • Rotation- the Earth also spins on its axis and one rotation occurs in 24 hours

14. Hemispheres

15. Hemisphere Breakdown

16. The Seasons • Earth’s axis is tilted at an angle • Sunlight strikes different parts of the Earth at different times in the year

17. Autumn • Begins September 22or 23 • Sun is directly overhead at Equator • Almost equal hours of sunlight and darkness

18. Winter • Begins December 21 • Sun directly overhead at Tropic of Capricorn • Northern Hemisphere is tilted away from the sun

19. Spring • Begins March 20 or 21 • Sun is directly overhead at the Equator • Almost equal hours of sunlight and darkness

20. Summer • Begins June 21 or 22 • Sun is directly over the Tropic of Cancer • Northern Hemisphere receives the greatest hours of sunlight

21. Critical thinking? • So does the sun rise in the east and set in the west? • No- the sun does not actually change positions • The Earth rotates on its axis so that different regions face the sun at different times of the day.

22. Understanding Globes

23. Globes • Scale model of Earth • Shows actual shapes, sizes, locations • Landforms • Bodies of water • Elevation • Depressions

24. World Divisions

25. Parallels of Latitude • Latitude lines are imaginary horizontal lines • Equator • Tropic of Cancer 23.5ْ N • Tropic of Capricorn 23.5ْ S

26. Equator • Halfway between North & South Poles • 0ْ latitude • Divides Earth into Northern and Southern Hemispheres • “Earth’s Belt”

27. Meridians of Longitude • The globe divided along imaginary vertical lines • Prime Meridian- runs from North Pole to South Poles (0ْ longitude) • Divides East and West Hemispheres

28. Global Grids • Latitude- North & South degrees (sides of maps) • Longitude- East & West degrees (top and bottom of maps) • * (1 degree latitude or longitude= ~69 miles or 111 kilometers)

29. Latitude/Longitude Practice • Latitude degrees only • Example (Page 464) • Mexico City 19ْ N

30. Latitude/Longitude Practice • Longitude degrees only • Example (page 464) • Lima, Peru 76ْ W

31. Try These Coordinates

32. Answers • Page# Location Latitude Longitude • 468 Quito, Ecuador 1ْ S 78ْ W • 468 Buenos Aires, Argentina 35ْ S 58ْ W • 471 Raleigh, NC 37ْْ N 78ْ W • 471 Houston, TX 29ْ N 95ْ W • 472 Madrid, Spain 41ْ N 4ْ W • 472 Istanbul, Turkey 42ْ N 28ْ E • 474 Cape Town, South Africa 34ْ S 18ْ E • 476 Sanaa, Yemen 15ْ N 45ْ E