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Shojiro Iwasaki Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.

CO2 Capture from Flue Gas for Energy and Environmental Issue. Symposium on CO2 Capture and Storage in Underground Geological Formations December 4th 2006, Ankara Bilkent Hotel. Shojiro Iwasaki Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. CONFIDENTIAL. Two Great Issues in the World.

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Shojiro Iwasaki Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.

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  1. CO2 Capture from Flue Gas for Energy and Environmental Issue Symposium on CO2 Capture and Storage in Underground Geological Formations December 4th 2006, Ankara Bilkent Hotel Shojiro Iwasaki Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. CONFIDENTIAL

  2. Two Great Issues in the World 1. [Energy]: Shortage of Oil Supply ⇒CO2 Capture and EOR (Enhanced Oil Recovery) 2. [Environment]:Global Warming ⇒CO2 Capture and Sequestration (cf. Aquifer) MHI Technology of CO2 capture from fired flue gas will serve the solution for these issues. CONFIDENTIAL

  3. 1. Concept of CO2 Capture Concept of Flue Gas CO2 Recovery and EOR CONFIDENTIAL

  4. 1. Concept of CO2 Capture • MHI will bring expertise related to surface facilities design of CO2 capture plants (i.e. industrial sources) • Shell will bring extensive surface and subsurface capabilities, notably reservoir engineering, separation technology, transportation • Combined strengths can tip the balance in making winning value propositions to host governments in the ME region Strategic Alliance with Shell in Middle East CONFIDENTIAL

  5. 2. MHI’s ExperiencesCommercial Scale Plants 1. CO2 Recovery Plant in Malaysia • Plant Outline CO2 recovery capacity 160T/D (200 T/D Max)Solvent KS-1 Use of CO2 Urea productionStart of operation October, 1999Client Petoronas Fertilizer (Kedah) Sdn BhdLocation Kedah Darul Aman, MalaysiaFlue gas source Stream reformer flue gas • Process Description CO2is recovered from flue gas of steam reformer of ammonia plant and delivered to CO2 compressor for urea synthesis. Recovered CO2 is used to increase urea production. The first commercial plant for flue gas CO2 recovery using this advance technology has been operating in Malaysia since October 1999 for Urea production. Performance of process is excellent in terms of low steam consumption, very low solvent degradation and low solvent loss. Flue gas CO2 recovery plant(Malaysia) CONFIDENTIAL

  6. 2. MHI’s ExperiencesCommercial Scale Plants 2. Commercial Project in Japan • Plant Outline ClientA Chemical Company Capacity 283T/D (330 T/D Max) SolventKS-1 Feed GasNatural Gas and Heavy Oil Fired Boiler Use of CO2General Use • Process Description CO2is recovered from a natural gas fined boiler and a heavy oil fired boiler. Flue gas is cooled and removed SOX (When CO2 is recovered from heavy oil fired boiler) before entering CO2 absorber. CO2 is liquefied and used for dry ice, beverages and welding. CONFIDENTIAL

  7. Under Construction 2. MHI’s ExperiencesCommercial Scale Plants 3. Commercial Project in India • Plant Outline ClientIndian Farmers Fertilizer Co. SolventKS-1 Solvent Capacity450 T/D x 2 units Feed GasNatural Gas and Naphtha Reformer Flue Gas Use of CO2Urea Production Start-up2007 • Process Description CO2 is recovered from steam reformer flue gases. CO2 is compressed and then used for urea synthesis. Flue gas is cooled and then removed SOX before entering CO2 absorber. CONFIDENTIAL

  8. FEED Completed 2. MHI’s ExperiencesCommercial Scale Plants 4. Commercial Project in Abu Dhabi • Plant Outline ClientRuwais Fertilizer Industries (FERTIL) SolventKS-1 Solvent Capacity400 T/D Feed GasNatural gas Boiler & Steam Reformer flue Gas Use of CO2Urea Production Start-up2008 • Process Description CO2 is recovered from steam reformer flue gases. CO2 is compressed and then used for urea synthesis. Flue gas is cooled and then removed SOX before entering CO2 absorber. CONFIDENTIAL

  9. FEED Completed 2. MHI’s ExperiencesCommercial Scale Plants 5. Commercial Project in China • Plant Outline ClientA Chemical Company Solvent KS-1 Solvent Capacity 800 T/D Feed Gas Steam Reformer flue Gas Use of CO2 Methanol Production Start-up • Process Description CO2 is recovered from steam reformer flue gases. CO2 is compressed and then used for methanol synthesis. Flue gas is cooled and then removed SOX before entering CO2 absorber. CONFIDENTIAL

  10. 2. MHI’s Experiences 7. Nanko Pilot Plant • Plant Outline SolventKS-1 Capacity 2 T/D Feed Gas Natural Gas Fired Boiler Start-upApril, 1991 Location Nanko Power Plant, Osaka, Japan Purpose Development of energy minimizing solvent Development of equipment size minimizing technology • Result of the Development • ・New Solvent KS-1 and KS-2 have been developed. • These two solvent can reduce steam consumption • about 20% than MEA. • ・New high efficient and very low pressure loss Packing • (KP-1) has been developed. • ・Energy efficient steam systems between Power Plant • and CO2 recovery have been developed. • ・Energy efficient process which reduce steam consumption • 15% was demonstrated. CONFIDENTIAL

  11. 2. MHI’s Experiences 8. FGD 1 by 1 Scale Test Facility (1,200,000Nm3/h) CONFIDENTIAL

  12. 2. MHI’s Experiences Large Scale CO2 Capture Plant (3000 T/D Plant) CONFIDENTIAL

  13. Flue Gas Outlet CO2 Purity : 99.9 % STRIPPER ABSORBER C.W. Flue GasCooler C.W. Flue Gas Reboiler C.W. Steam 3. MHI’s Flue Gas CO2 Recovery Technology Process Flow for Amine Absorption CONFIDENTIAL

  14. 3. MHI’s Flue Gas CO2 Recovery Technology Features • KEPCO & MHI‘s proprietary Flue gas CO2 capturing Technology • Hindered Amine Solvent “KS-1” with the special proprietary equipment • Proprietary energy efficient process • Enables large scale unit by MHI’s FGD experiences • Advantages • KS-1 solvent • - High CO2 Loading • - Negligible Corrosion • - Negligible Solvent Degradation • Process • - Low Utility & Solvent Consumption • - Easy operation & Maintenance • Economy • Minimize Operation Costs • Scale of Economy by Large Scale Unit CONFIDENTIAL

  15. 3. MHI’s Flue Gas CO2 Recovery Technology Process Comparison MEA KS-1 Solution Circulation Rate Regeneration Energy Degradation of the Solvent Solvent Loss Corrosion Inhibitor 1 1 1 1 YES 0.6 0.68 0.1 0.1 NO CONFIDENTIAL

  16. MHI / KANSAI’s improved flue gas CO2 recovery process was demonstrated at Nanko Pilot Plant Heat Recovery & Solvent Regeneration • 15% of steam consumption reduction can be achieved from MHI/KEPCO’s conventional process Unique concept to utilize lean solvent and steam condensate heat for regeneration inside The stripper. • Process Features • Performance • ・ Steam Consumption • 1.30 Ton Steam/ Ton CO2 • 　　（660Kcal/ Kg. CO2) • Note: Steam = 3 BarG. Saturated ・ Regeneration Energy less than 700 Kcal/ Kg. CO2 can be guaranteed. 3. MHI’s Flue Gas CO2 Recovery Technology MHI / KANSAI’s Flue Gas CO2 Recovery Process Improvement Recovered CO2 Stripper Steam CO2 Lean solvent Steam Condensate NANKO PILOT PLANT CONFIDENTIAL

  17. Flue Gas Component Coal Fired Flue Gas Natural Gas Fired Flue Gas (1) SOx(ppm) ～2000 ＜0.1 (2) NOx(ppm) ～500 ～200 (3) Particulate Dust (mg/m3N) 10～100 ＜1 (4) Impurities (ppm) HCl:1～100/HF:1～100 etc. ＜0.1 (5) Trace Elements Heavy Metals/Such as Hg, Se and Cd etc. Not exist 4. CO2 Recovery from Coal-fired Boiler Characteristics of the flue gas from coal fired boiler The flue gas contains more NOx, SOx, dust, halogens and heavy metals compared with that from natural gas-fired boiler CONFIDENTIAL

  18. 4. CO2 Recovery from Coal-fired Boiler Coal Fired Long Term Demonstration Plant • Plant Outline SolventKS-1 Capacity10 T/D Feed GasCoal Fired Boiler Start-upJuly,2006 Location J-POWER Matsushima Power Station Nagasaki, Japan • Process Description This is the demonstration plant for CO2 recovery from coal fired boiler flue gas. This program is supported by Japanese Government subsidy through Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the Earth (RITE) and J-POWER’s cooperation. CONFIDENTIAL

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