Sustainable Development Assessment: A formalized approach initiated in Tunisia

1. Sustainable Development Assessment: A formalized approach initiated in Tunisia Rafik MISSAOUI (APEX-ALCOR)

2. Sustainable DevelopmentConceptProblematic and issues In the past the development policy choice was mainly based on the production maximization privileging the short term approach  Environmental and social risks increase  A need for a new development approach: the Sustainable Development: • How to ensure economic and social progress with out compromising the natural equilibrium of our planet? • How to improve the quality of life for all of the Earth's citizens without increasing the use of natural resources beyond the capacity of the environment to supply them indefinitely?

3. Sustainable Development ConceptDefinitions • SD definition “Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs” (Our Common Future, Brundtland, NU, 1987) • SD dimensions • Economic • Environment • Social • inter-generation solidarity

4. Sustainable Development ConceptDefinitions • SD criteria Objectives of SD that we aim at reaching through specific policies or actions. • SD Indicators Indicators used to measure the impact of a specific policy or action on the SD criteria

5. Sustainable Development and climate changes • GHG emissions are one of the most important factor of non sustainability • The GHG mitigation could be an opportunity to ensure a sustainable development (case of energy conservation) • Increasing economic efficiency • Improving competitiveness • Ensuring energy supply security • Reducing atmospheric pollution reduction • Increasing employment • Preserving the right of the future generations: Global environment protection, energy resources optimization, etc.

6. Sustainable Development and CDM • CDM objective Assist Parties not included in Annex I in achieving sustainable development and in contributing to the ultimate objective of the Convention, and assist Parties included in Annex I in achieving compliance with their quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments under Article 3 of the protocol. (KP, article 12)

7. Sustainable Development Criteria and CDM • Issues • It is relatively easy to quantify and estimate GHG emissions reduction • But, it is difficult to give operational and quantifiable content to SD objectives. • The SD objectives may vary from a developing country to an other according to the economic, social, political and cultural context. • Approach • CDM project evaluation has to be carried out according to SD criteria fixed by the developing country beneficing from the project • Elaborate appropriate and operational approach to identify relevant and operational SD criteria and indicators • Elaborate operational approach for evaluating different GHG mitigation projects, options or actions according to the identified SD criteria

8. SD assessment approach Transparency Consultation approach Democracy Multi-criteria approach STAGE 2 SD indicators notation system elaboration STAGE 1 Projects notation according to SD indicators within each theme SD themes selection SD criteria and indicators selection within each theme Economic Social Environmental …. Weighted mark of the projects within each SD theme SD indictors weighting within each theme Calculation of Global weighted mark of the projects SD theme weighting Ranking and “priorisation” of the projects

9. SD assessment approach Stage 1 • SD theme selection through a large consultation process: economic, social, environment… • SD criteria and indicators selection through a large consultation process • SD indicators have to be: • Operational and measurable • Complete • Non redundant • Minimal

10. SD assessment approach Stage 1 • Why weighting SD themes and criteria ? • The themes and criteria may not have the same priority level according to the national policy. • The weight of a given theme or a criteria reflect its importance for decision makers at macro level. • Weighting process • Organization of workshop with decision makers from main stakeholders: Ministry of industry and energy, ministry of environment, Ministry of finance, Ministry of development, Ministry of transport, operators, university and research, etc. • Each participant gives a mark (from 0 to 100) for each SD theme (or criteria) reflecting its importance according to his appreciation • Calculate the mean of the obtained marks for each theme or criteria: • j : weight of the SD theme j • i: weight of the SD criteria i in the theme j

11. SD assessment approach Stage 2 • Once the framework of the assessment is validate: • Set up of projects marking system (0 to 10) • To each project and for each SD indicator, participants give marks (0 to 10), according to a given scale and to the BL. • Calculation of the mean of the obtained marks for each indicator • Calculation of the weighted mark of the projects within each theme Nj : Global weighted mark of the project within the theme j i = Weight of the indicator i of the theme j Ni : the global mark (0 to 10) given to the project

12. SD assessment approach Stage 2 • Calculation of the global weighted mark of the projects N : Global weighted mark of the project j = Weight of the theme j Nj : the global mark of the project within the theme j • Ranking of the projects according to their contribution to the SD

13. Example of SD assessment results