ORGANIZING OF LIBRARY MATERIALS

1. ORGANIZING OF LIBRARY MATERIALS NOR EZAN BIN OMAR

2. CATALOG • Provide access to individual items • Offer the user a variety of approaches or access points to the information contained in the collection

3. CATALOGING • The process of creating entries for a catalog • Activities involved in physically preparing the item for the shelf • Consists • Descriptive cataloging • Subject cataloging • Classification

4. CATALOGING • Involves • Create a description of the physical item • Choose certain name and titles (access points) • Doing authority work on those name and titles • Doing subject analysis • Choosing subject heading • Create call no. (location devices) • Coded all records (MARC format)

5. DESCRITIVE CATALOGING • Part of the library cataloging process concerned with identifying and describing the physical and bibliographic characteristics of the item • Determining the name(s) and title(s) to be used as access points in the catalog • Constructed according to a standard style selected by the community

6. DESCRITIVE CATALOGINGStandard Style • Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules (AACR) • Government Information Locator Service (GILS) • Dublin Core (DC) • Archives, Personal Papers, and Manuscripts (APPM) • Describing Archives: A Content Standard (DACS)

7. DESCRITIVE CATALOGINGStandard Style • Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules (AACR) • A detailed set of standardized rules for cataloging various types of library materials that had its origin in Catalog Rules: Author and Title Entries, published in 1908 by ALA and LA (UK) • Cooperation between the ALA, the Library Association (UK), and the Canadian Library Association, AACR was published in 1967 • A second edition (AACR2) was published in 1978, revised in 1988, 1999 and 2001 • The current version, Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second edition, 2002 Revision (AACR2 2002)

8. Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules (AACR) Divided into two parts: • Rules for creating the bibliographic description of an item of any type • Rules governing the choice and form of entry of headings (access points) in the catalog

9. DESCRITIVE CATALOGINGStandard Style • Government Information Locator Service (GILS) • A decentralized collection of agency-based information locators • Uses network technology and international metadata standards based on ANSI Z39.50 • Direct users to publicly accessible information resources available from the U.S. federal government • Core data elements are: • title, control identifier, abstract, purpose, originator, use constraints, availability, point of contact for further information, record source, and date last modified

10. DESCRITIVE CATALOGINGStandard Style • Dublin Core (DC) • A standard set of 15 interoperable metadata elements • Designed to facilitate the description and recovery of document-like resources in a networked environment • The descriptive elements are:

11. Dublin Core (DC)descriptive elements • Title (name given to the resource) • Creator (entity primarily responsible for making the content of the resource) • Subject (topic of the content of the resource, typically expressed as keywords, key phrases, or classification codes) • Description (abstract, table of contents, free-text account of the content, etc.) • Publisher (entity responsible for making the resource available) • Contributor (entity responsible for making contributions to the content of the resource) • Date (typically associated with the creation or availability of the resource) • Type (nature or genre of the content of the resource) • Format (physical or digital manifestation of the resource) • Identifier (an unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context, such as the URL, ISBN, ISSN, etc.) • Source (reference to a resource from which the present resource is derived) • Language (the language of the intellectual content of the resource) • Relation (reference to a related resource) • Coverage (extent or scope of the content of the resource) • Rights (information about rights held in and over the resource)

12. DESCRITIVE CATALOGINGStandard Style • Archives, Personal Papers, and Manuscripts (APPM) • A content standard for the description of archival materials based on AACR2 • Published by the Society of American Archivists (SAA) in 1989 and accepted by most archives in the United States • Been superseded by Describing Archives: A Content Standard (DACS) published by the SAA in 2004

13. DESCRITIVE CATALOGINGStandard Style • Describing Archives: A Content Standard (DACS) • Content standard for creating access tools for archival materials • Published in 2004 by the Society of American Archivists (SAA) • Applicable to all types of archival materials at all levels of description, • Can be used for any type of descriptive output, including the two most widely used standards, MARC 21 and Encoded Archival Description (EAD). • Divided into three parts ("Describing Archival Materials," "Describing Creators," and "Forms of Names")

14. SUBJECT CATALOGING • The most specific word or phrase that describes the subject, or one of the subjects, of a work • Selected from a list of preferred terms (controlled vocabulary) and assigned as an added entry in the bibliographic record to serve as an access point in the library catalog

15. SUBJECT CATALOGING • Library of Congress Subject Heading (LCSH) • The complete alphabetic list of controlled vocabulary • Created by catalogers and used in since 1898 at the Library of Congress in assigning subject headings to facilitate access to the information content of newly published works • Available now in: • Print format • Machine readable format – also on CD-ROM (CDMARC Subjects) • Microfiche

16. Library of Congress Subject Heading (LCSH) • How To Use Them? • Headings in bold type are valid headings; these are the headings used in the library catalog • BT = "broader term(s)." These are more general headings • RT = "related term(s)." These can provide you with ideas for other terms to pursue (like synonyms in a thesaurus). • NT = "narrower term(s)." These are more specific headings • UF = "used for," which means "used instead of • SA = "see also." A see also reference indicates headings that cover similar subjects

17. SUBJECT CATALOGING • Sears Lists of Subject Heading • Created by Minnie E. Sears cataloger and bibliographer at a variety of libraries (Bryn Mawr College, University of Minnesota, New York Public Library) • First published in 1923 for use in school libraries and small public libraries • Narrower in scope and its headings are more general than LCSH • Common terms are much preferred over scientific and technical terms • Also allowed individual libraries the authority to create their own subject headings • In use : SLSH 18th ed.

18. Sears Lists of Subject Heading • Similarities between the LCSH and SLSH • Both lists are subject lists arranged in alphabetical order • Both lists make use of overarching subject categories and hierarchical subject subdivisions

19. Sears Lists of Subject Heading • Differences between the LCSH and SLSH • Favor natural language • Make use of only four types of headings: topical, form, geographic, and proper names • Tended to convert inverted headings into direct entries

20. CLASSIFICATION • Act of organizing universe of knowledge into systematic order

21. Library Classification • Goes hand in hand with library (descriptive): cataloging and classification • A system of coding and organizing library materials according to their subject and allocating a call number to that information resource • System of arrangement adopted by a library to enable patrons to find its materials quickly and easily

22. Library Classification • May be natural (e.g., by subject), artificial (e.g., by alphabet, form, or numerical order), or accidental (e.g., chronological or geographic) • Some have minute subdivisions while others are broader • Widely used systems include the Dewey Decimal Classification, the Library of Congress Classification, the Bliss Classification, and the Colon Classification

23. Library Classification • Objectives • Help user identify and locate a work through call number • Group all works of a kind together

24. Types of Classifications System • In general, classification systems can be divided into three types • Universal schemes covering all subjects. Examples include Dewey Decimal Classification and Library of Congress Classification depending on how they are used • Specific classification schemes. Examples British classification of Music • National schemes specially created for certain countries. Example is SAB

25. Dewey Decimal Classification • Is a proprietary [ownership] system of library classification developed by Melvil Dewey (10.12.1851-26.12.1931) in 1876 • While working as an assistant librarian at Amherst from 1874 until 1877, Dewey devised his system of classifying and cataloguing books by decimal numbers

26. Dewey Decimal Classification • Revised at 7 years interval • Between edition, the schedules and tables are regularly reexamined, revisions of existing numbers and index entries, and provision for new subjects are made as required

27. Dewey Decimal Classification • How it works • Attempts to organize all knowledge into ten main classes • The ten main classes are then further subdivided • Each main class has ten divisions, and each division has ten sections

28. Dewey Decimal Classification • Classes • 000 – Computer science, information, and general works • 100 – Philosophy and psychology • 200 – Religion • 300 – Social sciences • 400 – Language • 500 – Science • 600 – Technology • 700 – Arts and recreation • 800 – Literature • 900 – History and geography

29. Library of Congress Classification • Developed by the Library of Congress • Used by most research and academic libraries • Was originally developed by Herbert Putnam with the advice of Charles Ammi Cutter in 1897 before he assumed the librarianship of Congress • Was influenced by Cutter Expensive Classification, DDC, and was designed for the use by the Library of Congress • Replaced a fixed location system developed by Thomas Jefferson (3rd President of the United States)

30. Library of Congress Classification • A General Works • B Philosophy, Psychology, and Religion • C Auxiliary Sciences of History • D General and Old World History • E History of America • F History of the United States and British, Dutch, French, and Latin America • G Geography, Anthropology, and Recreation • H Social Sciences • J Political Science • K Law • L Education • M Music • N Fine Arts • P Language and Literature • Q Science • R Medicine • S Agriculture • T Technology • U Military Science • V Naval Science • Z Bibliography, Library Science, and General Information Resources

31. Other Classifications System • In English-speaking world • Bliss Classification • Dickinson Classification • In other languages • Chinese Library Classification • Korean Decimal Classification • That rely on synthesis (faceted systems) • Colon Classification • Universal Decimal Classification • Cutter Expansive Classification • Brinkler Classification

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