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BTC PTEC Biodiesel Workshop

BTC PTEC Biodiesel Workshop. August 7 – 8, 2006 Session 1. Agenda for first session. Introductions Introduction to Biodiesel What is biodiesel? Why produce and use biodiesel? History of biodiesel Current Situation Future of biodiesel Production and distribution statistics

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BTC PTEC Biodiesel Workshop

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  1. BTC PTEC Biodiesel Workshop August 7 – 8, 2006 Session 1

  2. Agenda for first session • Introductions • Introduction to Biodiesel • What is biodiesel? • Why produce and use biodiesel? • History of biodiesel • Current Situation • Future of biodiesel • Production and distribution statistics • Lifecycle costs • Problems with biodiesel

  3. What is biodiesel? • Vegetable oils • Problems with high viscosity resulting in poor atomization and engine deposits • Most common solution is esterification of the vegetable oil • Biodiesel is the alkyl monoester of fatty acids obtained from the processing of vegetable oils or animal fats

  4. How to make biodiesel? • Take the seeds from soybeans • Crush the seeds to get the vegetable oil • React the warmed oil with alcohol and lye • Separate the layers of biodiesel and glycerine • Wash the biodiesel

  5. Large scale production

  6. Why produce and use biodiesel? • Renewable, biodegradable, nontoxic comparable fuel • Can be used with no engine modifications • Can be blended with petroleum based diesel in any proportion • Net energy production (3.2 BTU out/1.0 in) • Reduce dependence upon foreign oil • Can be produced locally (20+ different feedstocks) and will stimulate economic development • Overall less air polluting than petroleum based diesel • Net reduction in greenhouse gases (78%) relative to petroleum derived diesel fuel • Addition of biodiesel (1 – 2%) to diesel fuel improves its lubricity and detergency • Legislative mandates and incentives • WA law mandating 2% biodiesel in regular diesel to be implemented when production capacity (20 million gallons/yr) is reached • It may become cheaper than diesel fuel

  7. Oil Imports

  8. Balance of trade

  9. Diesel fuel prices

  10. Biodiesel use • Can use as B100, pure biodiesel • More commonly used as B20, 20% biodiesel in diesel • Some states have mandated B02, 2% of biodiesel in diesel

  11. Energy budget • Gasoline budget is 0.81 energy in product/energy required to obtain, produce and market • Petroleum diesel budget is 0.8 – 0.85 • Ethanol budget is 1.3 – 1.6 • B100 budget is 3.2

  12. Emission reductions in using B20 biodiesel

  13. History of biodiesel • 1853 transesterification of vegetable oil (Duffy & Patrick) • 1898 Rudolph Diesel demonstration of his compression ignition engine at World’s Fair

  14. History of Biodiesel • 1920 diesel engines modified to run on cheaper petroleum based diesel fuel • 1991 first industrial scale biodiesel plant built in Austria • 1991 Midwest Biofuels plant started in Kansas City • 1992 US Energy Policy Act passed • 1996 Ag Process Incorporated 5 million gallons/year plant started in Sargent’s Bluff, Iowa • 1998 21 countries had industrial production biodiesel plants • 1998 EPA Tier I Health Effects approval for biodiesel as an alternative fuel • 2001 ASTM D6751 biodiesel fuel standard issued • 2003 NBB estimates about 80% biodiesel use in US is as B20 in government fleets • Currently 200 fleets run on biodiesel (US Postal Service and military, agricultural concerns, school districts, etc.) • 120 plants in Europe producing 6.1 million metric tons of biodiesel a year (about 2300 million gallons per year) • 1000 stations provide biodiesel to customers in Germany

  15. Current situation with biodiesel • In Canada 11.4% and in the US 7% of diesel used is biodiesel • Malaysia and Indonesia set aside 40% of palm oil crop for biodiesel • US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency is seeking proposals for making biodiesel as an alternative to jet fuel • US House proposes to make biodiesel federal excise tax credit permanent • Engine Manufacturer’s Association releases specs for B20 • BP provides $500 million for a biofuels research center • Lousiana passes a 2% renewable fuels standard • Scania (Swedish manufacturer of heavy duty trucks and buses) now guarantees operating reliability for B100 for all of its trucks with engines featuring unit injectors • 52 biodiesel plants operate in the US (350 million gallons/year) • Two biodiesel plants in Washington State are in the planning stage (Imperium Renewables 100 million gallons/year plant in Greys Harbor and Chemical Consortium Holdings 60 million gallons/year plant in Walla Walla) • French biodiesel company Diester contracts another Esterflip-H heterogeneous catalyst biodiesel plant (France and Nebraska)

  16. Esterflip H Continuous Biodiesel plant

  17. French Esterlip-H Process

  18. Future of Biodiesel 2006 China/Malaysian partnership to construct a 36 million gallons/year palm oil feedstock biodiesel plant in China 2007 planned 54 million gallons/year soybean feedstock Archer Daniels Midland Company biodiesel plant to open in Brazil 2007 target for all of Denver’s city diesel power vehicles to be on B20 2009 Washington State goal for minimum of 20% biodiesel in state owned diesel vehicles 2010 Indonesia’s target for 10% biodiesel 2010 US auto target to be 2 million/year production of alternative cars and trucks 2020 target for a 25% renewable fuels standard for Iowa 2030 India target of 18 billion gallons per year biodiesel to provide 50% of current oil production 2030 Iowa target for 60 billion gallons per year Renewable Fuels Standard

  19. States with current or pending Renewable Energy Standards

  20. Planned 100 million gallons/year Imperium biodiesel plant in Grey’s Harbor

  21. Total EU25 Biodiesel Production (1000 metric tons)

  22. Comparison to ethanol (US) • Ethanol • 2.5% of gasoline pool • From 1.4 billion bushels of corn • Which is 12% of corn crop • Biodiesel • 0.2% of diesel pool • From 75 million gallons biodiesel produced per year • Produced from 0.5 – 1 billion pounds of vegetable oil available for biodiesel • Which is about 5% of the total 19 billion pounds of soybean oil produced • From 3 billion bushels of soybeans

  23. Yearly potential (Peterson, 2002) • There are 363 million acres of US cropland harvested per year • If these were planted in rapeseed with a production rate of 1 ton of crops for 100 gallon of oil and 1200 pounds of meal per acre, there would be a total of 36 billion gallons of oil or almost 2 times the amount of on-highway diesel fuel consumed in 2002 (or about the amount now used annually) • The use of all idle land and excess production would satisfy about 30% of the demand for on-highway diesel fuel • The use of the whole world’s vegetable oil production would satisfy about 80% of the US demand for on-highway diesel fuel

  24. Yearly potential (Van Gerpen, 2006) • The US production of vegetable oil and animal fats is about 35 billion pounds per year • Converting this into biodiesel, assuming 100% efficiency, would yield about the same weight of biodiesel or 4.6 million gallons/year • This is about 14% of the annual amount of on highway diesel used annually in the US

  25. Washington’s vegetable oil crops • 20,000 acres (canola and mustard oil) • Enough to make 1 – 2 million gallons of oil • Seed crushing plant would cost $8 - $12 million • Closest seed crushers are in Montana and Alberta

  26. Washington State Producers • Current • Seattle Biodiesel ( 5 million gallons/yr) • Projected • Baker Commodities (Tacoma, 10 mgy, 2007) • Washington Biodiesel (Warden, 35 mgy, 2007) • Imperium Renewables (Aberdeen, 100 mgy, 2007)

  27. Biodiesel costs

  28. Biodiesel distributors Click anywhere on the map below to find biodiesel distributors in the United States

  29. Washington distributors • Seattle: Seattle Biodiesel, Seaport Petroleum, Ranier Petroleum Corp., Laurelhurst Oil, Genesee Fuel and Heating, Dr. Dan’s Alternative Fuelworks • Tacoma: PNEC, Pacific Fluids, Associated Petroleum Products • Mt. Vernon: Whole Energy • Others: Richland, Kent, Vancouver, Olympia, East Sound, Friday Harbor, Port Townsend (8)

  30. Bellingham fuel stations • Sammy’s Place (State Street) • Whole Energy Fuels (Fairhaven) • Yorky’s Market (Bennet Road) • Others located in: Mt. Vernon, Custer, Deming, Vashon, Orcas Island

  31. Biodiesel prices (5/06) • B100 • Olympia area (Acme Energy Services) $2.99/gal • Diesel • Olympia area $3.02

  32. Government support • Tax incentives • $1/gallon for vegetable oil • Excise tax credit for blender (0.5 - 1 penny/% - gal biodiesel in blend) (to 2008) • USDA Bioenergy program to stimulate use of crop surpluses for energy needs through the Commodity Credit Corporation payments of $1.45/gallon for soybean oil biodiesel • USDA Biodiesel Fuel Education program • 2% biodiesel blends required by law (Minnesota, Washington states) • State provided low interest loans for farmers, oil seed crushers

  33. Life Cycle Cost Comparison(DOE study)

  34. Problems with biodiesel • Some engine problems due to filter plugging during cold weather operation – recourse with the fuel provider • B100 can dilute engine oil and cause sludge formation • B100 softens and degrade certain elastomers • Storage – less stable than diesel, biodiesel should be used within 6 months of production • Energy content – B100 has 6 – 9% lower power output than petroleum based diesel (118,000 BTU/gallon relative to 130,000 BTU/gallon) • Cost and supply

  35. Quotes • The industry is still in its infancy, where ethanol was in 1982 (Joe Jobe, NBB 4/26/2006)

  36. Little known biodiesel facts • August 10th is International Biodiesel Day

  37. Biodiesel references • Estill, Lyle, Biodiesel Power, New Society Publishers, Gabriola Island, B.C., Canada; 2005. • Knothe, G.; J. Krahl; J. Van Gerpen, The Biodiesel Handbook, AOCS Press, Champaign, Kentucky; 2005. • Pahl, Greg, Biodiesel – Growing a New Energy Economy, Chelsea Green Publishing, White River Junction, Vermont; 2005. • Tickell, Josh, Biodiesel America, Yorkshire Press, Ashland, Ohio; 2006. • Tickell, Josh, From the Fryer to the Fuel Tank, Bookmasters, Ashland, Ohio; 2003 • Von Gerpen, Jon; G. Knothe, L.D. Clements; R. Pruszko; U of I Biodiesel Technology Workshop, March 2006; Moscow, ID. • Von Gerpen, Jon; R. Pruszko;, L.D. Clements; B. Shanks; G. Knothe; Building a Successful Biodiesel Business, HKR Communications and Marketing, 2005.

  38. Information websites • History • Yokayo Biofuels http://www.ybiofuels.org/bio_fuels/history_biofuels.html • Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiesel#Historical_Background • Chelsea Green Publishing http://www.chelseagreen.com/images/biodieselchap8.pdf

  39. Information websites • Companies • Yokayo Biofuels (Ukian, CA) http://www.ybiofuels.org/bio_fuels/history_biofuels.html • Pacific Biofuel Inc. (Santa Cruz, CA) http://www.pacfuel.com/index.htm • PlanetFuels (UK) http://www.planetfuels.co.uk/index.php • Propelbiofuels (Seattle) http://www.propelbiofuels.com/site/ • Superior Process Technologies (Minneapolis) http://www.superiorprocesstech.com/ • Earth Biofuels (Dallas) http://www.earthbiofuels.com/ • Seattle Biodiesel http://www.seattlebiodiesel.com/ • Imperium Renewables http://imperiumrenewables.com/ • Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_yield.html

  40. Information web site • Some biodiesel associations and government sites • USDA Biodiesel Education http://www.biodiesel.org/usda/ • National Biodiesel Board (multimedia, free downloadable videos) www.biodiesel.org • National Renewable Energy Lab http://www.nrel.gov/ • DOE Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Alternative Fuels http://www.eere.energy.gov/afdc/index.html • European Biodiesel Board http://www.ebb-eu.org/index.php • World Watch Institute • Green Car Congress • Dieselnet http://www.dieselnet.com/links/fuel_.html • IEA Bioenergy Task 39 Report on Biodiesel in North America (2004) http://www.senternovem.nl/mmfiles/150062_tcm24-124384.pdf • Harvest Clean Energy http://www.harvestcleanenergy.org/conference/HCE6/Armstrong.pdf • National Biodiesel Accreditation Program http://www.bq-9000.com/ • NW Biodiesel Network http://www.nwbiodiesel.org

  41. Information websites • Vehicle sites • B100 Fuel site http://www.b100fuel.com/ • Biotrucker.com http://www.biotrucker.com/ • National Biodiesel Board vehicle guidelines http://www.biodiesel.org/pdf_files/Biodiesel_Blends_Above%20_20_Final.pdf

  42. Analytical laboratories • Alberta Research Council http://www.arc.ab.ca/Index.aspx/ARC/2701 • Analytical Testing Services http://wetestit.com/Biodiesel%20101.htm • Magellan Midstream Partners Laboratory Service http://www.magellanlp.com/lab.asp • PerkinElmer http://las.perkinelmer.com/ApplicationsSummary/Applications/2H06_AS_Seminars.htm

  43. Information websites • Others • Willie Nelson’s Biodiesel http://www.wnbiodiesel.com/technology.html • Biodiesel Blog http://biodieselblog.com/ • Peninsula Biodiesel Co-op http://www.peninsulabiodiesel.org/ • Biodiesel America http://www.biodieselamerica.org/ • Biodiesel forum http://biodiesel.infopop.cc • Biodiesel Now forum http://www.biodieselnow.com • Biodiesel Magazine http://www.biodieselmagazine.com/ • BioLyle Biodiesel Workshop http://biolyle.com/

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