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Understand WML

Understand WML Chao-Hsien Chu, Ph.D. School of Information Sciences and Technology The Pennsylvania State University Possible Service Types by WAP Local Development Services Messaging Call Handling WAP Information Services Gamming Electronic Commerce Transport Database Access

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Understand WML

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  1. Understand WML Chao-Hsien Chu, Ph.D. School of Information Sciences and Technology The Pennsylvania State University

  2. Possible Service Types by WAP Local Development Services Messaging Call Handling WAP Information Services Gamming Electronic Commerce Transport Database Access

  3. Physical Devices: Size / Display Memory / Cache Size Battery Data Entry Methods Contents: Different Standards Micro browser Scarcity of contents Block internet surfing. Character-based Info. Networks: Bandwidth limitations. Incomplete service coverage. Lack of an installed user base. High customer cost. Changing communications standards. Latency Connection reliability Security. Limitations of Wireless

  4. Why New Standard Telecom services Info services Unified mailbox E-mail Info Call control Security Message Services WWW ITTP HDML Other SIM toolkit TTML WAP

  5. WSP/WTP HTTP WAP Client WAP Gateway Web Server WML WMLScript WTAI WML Interpreter WML Encoder WML Script Compiler Protocol Bearers CGI Scripts (PERL, ASP, Java) WML and WMLScript Contents Internet WAP Architecture

  6. Sketch of WAP Network Architecture WAP gateway Web server Corporate Firewall Filter HTML WML WAP gateway Wireless Network Web server WTA server

  7. HTML JavaScript Application Layer (WAE) Other Services and Applications HTTP Session Layer (WSP) Transaction Layer (WTP) TLS-SSL Security Layer (WTLS) TCP/IP UDP/IP Transport Layer (WPD) Bearers SMS USSD CSD IS-136 CDMA CDPD PDC Etc. Internet Protocol vs. WAP

  8. Application Layer Other Services And Applications Session Layer Transaction Layer Security Layer Transport Layer (WPD) Bearers SMS USSD CSD IS-136 CDMA CDPD PDC Etc. Wireless Application Protocol

  9. WAP Protocol Stack

  10. Server Configuration

  11. WML Structure • Deck - File • Card – Screen • Head: XML, DTD Declarations • Template: <template>, </template> • Root Element: <wml>, </wml> • Card: <card>, </card>

  12. WML Structure Process Instruction <?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE wml PUBLIC "-//WAPFORUM//DTD WML 1.2//EN" "http://www.wapforum.org/DTD/wml12.dtd"> <wml> <template> … </template> <card> <p> … </p> </card> </wml> Document Type Declaration Root Element Template Cards

  13. WML’s Functionality • Text Presentation and Layout: text formatting, line breaks, and alignment. • Images – Wireless Bitmap (WBMP) and image alignment. • User Inputs – Choice lists, multilevel choices, text entry, and task controls. • Cards and Deck Organization. • Navigation – URL Naming and anchored links, between cards in a deck, between decks. • State and Context Management – Variable passing between decks, Cache both variables and decks.

  14. Text Presentations

  15. <p> </p> Two attributes: align = “left”, “center” or “right” mode = ‘wrap” or “nowrap” Paragraph

  16. Special Characters

  17. Table

  18. Image - <img>

  19. Navigation between Cards and Decks • <a> … </a> • <anchor> … </anchor>

  20. Events and Tasks

  21. Events • <onenterforward>: Invoke a card via a GO statement. • <onenterbackward>: Navigate to a card via the <prev> statement. • <onpick>: Select an option. • <ontimer>: Delay time for action. • These events are invoked via an <onevent> element, an <option> element, or as part of a <template> or <card> element.

  22. Input Attributes

  23. Input Mask

  24. Attributes of Do Element

  25. Hardware Key Types

  26. Action Types

  27. Example of Do Element <do type=“options” label=“titles” name=“titles”> <go href=“#titles”/> </do> <do type=“options” label=“Authors” name=“authors”> <go href=“#authors”/> </do> <do type=“options” label=“Books” name=“books”> <go href=“#booklist”/> </do>

  28. Thank You? Any Question?

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