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The Biological Bases of Behavior Chapter

The Biological Bases of Behavior Chapter. The Brain. Module 07. Phineas Gage. Play “The Frontal Lobes and Behavior: The Story of Phineas Gage” (12:03) Module #25 from The Brain: Teaching Modules (2 nd edition). Lower-Level Brain Structures: The Brainstem. Module 7: The Brain. Brainstem.

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The Biological Bases of Behavior Chapter

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  1. The Biological Bases of Behavior Chapter

  2. The Brain Module 07

  3. Phineas Gage • Play “The Frontal Lobes and Behavior: The Story of Phineas Gage” (12:03) Module #25 from The Brain: Teaching Modules (2nd edition).

  4. Lower-Level Brain Structures: The Brainstem Module 7: The Brain

  5. Brainstem • The oldest part and central core of the brain; • It begins where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull • Is responsible for automatic survival functions

  6. Brainstem

  7. Medulla • Located at the base of the brainstem • Controls life-supporting functions like heartbeat and breathing • Damage to this area can lead to death.

  8. Medulla

  9. Brain Structures - Brainstem/Medulla • Insert “Brain Structures” Video #2h from Worth’s Digital Media Archive for Psychology. • Instructions for importing the video file can be found in the ‘Readme’ file on the CD-ROM.

  10. Brain Structures - Brainstem/Medulla • Insert “Brain Structures” Video #2i from Worth’s Digital Media Archive for Psychology. • Instructions for importing the video file can be found in the ‘Readme’ file on the CD-ROM.

  11. Reticular Formation • A nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important role in controlling wakefulness and arousal • Extending up and down the spinal cord into the brain • Controls an organism’s level of alertness • Damage to this area can cause a coma.

  12. Lower-Level Brain Structures: The Thalamus Module 7: The Brain

  13. Thalamus • Sits atop the brainstem • The brain’s sensory switchboard – • Directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex • Thalamus is Greek for “inner chamber.”

  14. Thalamus

  15. Brain Structures - Thalamus • Insert “Brain Structures” Video #2a from Worth’s Digital Media Archive for Psychology. • Instructions for importing the video file can be found in the ‘Readme’ file on the CD-ROM.

  16. Brain Structures - Thalamus • Insert “Brain Structures” Video #2b from Worth’s Digital Media Archive for Psychology. • Instructions for importing the video file can be found in the ‘Readme’ file on the CD-ROM.

  17. Lower-Level Brain Structures: The Cerebellum Module 7: The Brain

  18. Cerebellum • Latin for the “little brain” • Attached to the rear of the brain • Helps coordinate voluntary movements and balance • If damaged, the person could perform basic movements but would lose fine coordination skills.

  19. Cerebellum

  20. Cerebellum

  21. Brain Structures - Cerebellum • Insert “Brain Structures” Video #2j from Worth’s Digital Media Archive for Psychology. • Instructions for importing the video file can be found in the ‘Readme’ file on the CD-ROM.

  22. Brain Structures - Cerebellum • Insert “Brain Structures” Video #2k from Worth’s Digital Media Archive for Psychology. • Instructions for importing the video file can be found in the ‘Readme’ file on the CD-ROM.

  23. Lower-Level Brain Structures: The Limbic System Module 7: The Brain

  24. Limbic System • A ring of structures at the border of the brainstem and cerebral cortex • Helps regulate memory, aggression, fear, hunger, and thirst • Includes the hypothalamus, hippocampus, and amygdala

  25. Brain Structures – Limbic System • Insert “Brain Structures” Video #2g from Worth’s Digital Media Archive for Psychology. • Instructions for importing the video file can be found in the ‘Readme’ file on the CD-ROM.

  26. Hypothalamus • A neural structure lying below the thalamus • Regulates the body’s maintenance activities such as; eating, drinking, body temperature, and it linked to emotion • Plays a role in emotions, pleasure, and sexual function

  27. Hypothalamus and Aggression • Play “Aggression, Violence, and the Brain” (7:17) Module #24 from The Brain: Teaching Modules (2nd edition).

  28. Hippocampus • A neural center located in the limbic system that wraps around the back of the thalamus • Helps processing new memories for permanent storage • Looks something like a seahorse • Hippo is Greek for “horse.”

  29. Amygdala • Two almond shaped neural cluster in the limbic system • Controls emotional responses such as fear and anger

  30. Brain Structures – Lower Brain • Insert “Brain Structures” Video #2l from Worth’s Digital Media Archive for Psychology. • Instructions for importing the video file can be found in the ‘Readme’ file on the CD-ROM.

  31. Brain Structures – Lower Brain • Insert “Brain Structures” Video #2m from Worth’s Digital Media Archive for Psychology. • Instructions for importing the video file can be found in the ‘Readme’ file on the CD-ROM.

  32. The Cerebral Cortex Module 7: The Brain

  33. Cerebral Cortex • The intricate fabric of interconnected neurons that form the body’s ultimate control and information processing center • Covers the brain’s lower level structures • Contains an estimated 30 billion nerve cells • Divided into four lobes

  34. Corpus Callosum • The large band of neural fibers that connects the two brain hemispheres and allows them to communicate with each other • Is sometimes cut to prevent seizures

  35. Corpus Callosum

  36. Corpus Callosum • Play “Severed Corpus Callosum” (10:00) Segment #7 from Scientific American Frontiers: Video Collection for Introductory Psychology (2nd edition).

  37. Longitudinal Fissure • The long crevice that divides the cerebral cortex into left and right hemispheres • This and other fissures in the brain create major divisions in the brain called lobes

  38. Frontal Lobes • The portion of the cerebral cortex lying just behind the forehead • Is involved in planning and judgments • Includes the motor cortex

  39. The Frontal Lobe • Play “The Frontal Lobes: Cognition and Awareness” (9:05) Segment #7 from The Mind: Psychology Teaching Modules (2nd edition).

  40. Parietal Lobes • The portion of the cerebral cortex lying on the top of the head and toward the rear • Includes the somatosensory cortex and general association areas used in processing information • Regions available for general processing, including mathematical reasoning • Designated as the association lobes • Behind the frontal lobes

  41. Occipital Lobe • The portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head • It includes the primary visual processing areas of the brain

  42. Temporal Lobes • Includes the auditory (hearing) areas of the brain • Where sound information is processed • Located roughly above the ears

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