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The Panama Canal

The Panama Canal. Acts and Treaties. Hay-Paucefote Treaty (1900) Spooner Act (1902) Hay-Herrán Treaty (1903) Panamanian Revolution Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty (1903) Meghana P. A Brief History.

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The Panama Canal

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  1. The Panama Canal

  2. Acts and Treaties • Hay-Paucefote Treaty (1900) • Spooner Act (1902) • Hay-Herrán Treaty (1903) • Panamanian Revolution • Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty (1903) • Meghana P.

  3. A Brief History • Built in two stages -Stage 1 (1881-1888)- Ferdinand de Lesseps-Stage 2 (1904-1914)- John F. Stevens • 50 miles • Link Atlantic and Pacific Oceans • Anna G.

  4. People of Power • Theodore Roosevelt • John Hay • Tomas Herrán • Philippe Bunau-Varilla • John F. Stevens • Anna G.

  5. P. E. R. M. S • Economic benefits to the U.S. (ex: transportation) • Military power (naval bases) • Makes travel easier • Government of Panama under Colombian rule • Meghana P.

  6. Panamanian Revolution! • Wanted secession from Colombia • U.S needed Panama Canal • Helped out Panama for control of canal • Anna G.

  7. Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty • Allowed partial ownership of the Canal to U.S. • Promised economic benefits to Panama

  8. What went wrong the first time? • No locks • Tidal range between Pacific and Atlantic oceans • French Company went bankrupt • Meghana P.

  9. Solution • Build locks! • 12 sets; 6 massive • http://www.pancanal.com/eng/general/howitworks/como-funcion.html - • Meghana P.

  10. Hardships of Workers • Yellow fever • Malaria • Accidents • Sea level • Extreme heat • Death toll=over 30,000 workers • Meghana P.

  11. Outcome • Torrijos-Carter Treaty • Tension between Panama and America (flags) • Several wanted to keep canal American property • Anna G.

  12. Works Cited • "construction of the Panama Canal." American History. ABC-CLIO, 2010. Web. 22 Oct. 2010. • Bessemer, Glen. "Panama Canal." In Faue, Elizabeth, and Gary B. Nash, eds. Encyclopedia of American History: The Emergence of Modern America, 1900 to 1928, vol. 7. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2003. American History Online. Facts On File, Inc. Web. • "Panama Canal Construction." Library of Congress. Prints and Photographs Division. American History Online. Facts On File, Inc. Photograph. • "Roosevelt, Theodore." Library of Congress. Prints and Photographs Division. American History Online. Facts On File, Inc • "Hay, John." Library of Congress. American History Online. Facts On File, Inc. Photograph. • "Panama, flag of." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2010. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 24 Oct. 2010. Photograph. • "Workers Build the Panama Canal." Library of Congress. Prints and Photographs Division. American History Online. Facts On File, Inc. Photograph.

  13. Roosevelt Corollary • Harpreet S.

  14. What is It? • Roosevelt’s 4th annual message to Congress • US Navy will interfere with any European countries’ actions with the Latin American countries • Extension to the Monroe Doctrine • H.S.

  15. Monroe Doctrine • Established in 1823 by James Monroe • Warned Europe not to colonize in American countries • H.S.

  16. Why? • Latin American countries had to pay debt to Europe • US wanted to help Panama gain independence so they can take Panama Canal • European nations tried forcefully to collect debts from Latin American nations. • H.S.

  17. Effect • Created US military control through South and North America and Caribbean • U.S. becomes an “international police” • H.S.

  18. Works Cited • "Annual Message to Congress, 1904." American History Online. Facts On File, Inc. http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?ItemID=WE52&iPin=E13837&SingleRecord=True (accessed October 21, 2010). • Jaycox, Faith. "Roosevelt Takes Command: 1902–1904." The Progressive Era, Eyewitness History. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2005. American History Online. Facts On File, Inc. http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?ItemID=WE52&iPin=EHPEEssay05&SingleRecord=True (accessed October 23, 2010)."Theodore Roosevelt: Monroe Doctrine Corollary speech (1904)." American History. ABC-CLIO, 2010. Web. 21 Oct. 2010 • "Monroe Doctrine." American History Online. Facts On File, Inc. http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?ItemID=WE52&iPin=E09250&SingleRecord=True (accessed October 21, 2010). •  Renehan, Jr., Edward L. "'The Roosevelt Corollary and the Twentieth Century'." The Monroe Doctrine. Milestones in American History. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 2007. American History Online, Facts On File, Inc. http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?ItemID=WE52&iPin=MAHMD09&SingleRecord=True (accessed October 21, 2010).H.S.

  19. The Taft Dollar Diplomacy • By Nikhil B.

  20. How it was used • Diplomacy dealt with U.S gaining economic rather than military power abroad • U.S concerned about South American dependence on Europe for economic growth • Dependence would give Europe too much power in South America • Therefore forced Latin American countries to replace European loans with American loans N.B.

  21. Assumption… • Key Step: gain control of customs office • Once under American control, countries would get revolutionaries under control • Result: stable economy/government • N.B.

  22. Result: CORRUPTION • Example Nicaragua: 1909 all of its debt was to Europe • Pro-American Adolfo Diaz came into power August 1910 • Replaced all European loans with American. America took control of customs revenues/operations for duration of loan • N.B.

  23. America takes control • Nicaragua’s economy continues to decline • U.S banks take unofficial control of countries finances N.B.

  24. Works Cited • Hastedt, Glenn. "dollar diplomacy." Encyclopedia of American Foreign Policy. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2004. American History Online. Facts On File, Inc. http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?ItemID=WE52&iPin=EAFP115&SingleRecord=True (accessed October 26, 2010). • N.B.

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