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Molecular Genetics

Molecular Genetics. Protein. DNA. Phenotype. RNA. Genome Gene. The flow of information:. 1. Storage. 2. Replication. 3. Gene Expression. Transcription. Translation. The Molecular Basis of Heredity. The Flow of Genetic Information in the Cell. The Genetic Code. a 2 b b ’.

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Molecular Genetics

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  1. Molecular Genetics Protein DNA Phenotype RNA Genome Gene The flow of information: 1. Storage 2. Replication 3. Gene Expression Transcription Translation

  2. The Molecular Basis of Heredity

  3. The Flow of Genetic Information in the Cell

  4. The Genetic Code

  5. a2 b b’ Holoenzyme Transcription *RNA polymerase reminder: RNA contains ribose, phosphate group and A, C, G and U (not T) *RNA polymerase (from E. coli ) s *Sigma factor *Core Sigma factor Core

  6. Initiation of Transcription:

  7. Transcription Overview

  8. RNA Processing in Eukaryotes

  9. Cap Start of genetic message Translation • Translation requires: • Messenger RNA (mRNA) • Transfer RNA (tRNA) • Ribosomes • ATP • Enzymes (translation factors) End Tail

  10. Translation • Transfer RNA (tRNA): • Molecular interpreter • Matches amino acids with codons in mRNA using anticodons Amino acid attachment site Anticodon

  11. tRNA Structure

  12. Translation • Ribosomes: • Coordinate the functions of mRNA and tRNA • Made of two subunits • Contain ribosomal RNA (rRNA) tRNA binding sites P site A site Large subunit Small subunit

  13. Translation Initiator tRNA • Complex formation: • Ribosome • mRNA • Initiator tRNA • Translation factors mRNA Start codon

  14. Translation Initiator tRNA • Codon Recognition: • Another tRNA • Translation factors mRNA Anticodon Start codon

  15. Translation • Peptide Bond Formation:

  16. Translation • Translocation: New peptide bond mRNA movement

  17. Translation • Elongation:

  18. Codon recognition ELONGATION Stop codon Peptide bond formation Translocation

  19. Transcription Polypeptide Nucleus DNA mRNA RNA processing Termination mRNA Enzyme Elongation ATP Initiation of translation Amino acid attachment

  20. tRNA Charging

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