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Metabolic Reactions and Enzymes

Metabolic Reactions and Enzymes. Metabolic Reactions. Anabolism -reactions used to build large molecules from smaller ones. P rovides bio-chemicals for cell growth and repair. Catabolism -reactions used to breakdown large molecules into smaller ones to release energy.

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Metabolic Reactions and Enzymes

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  1. Metabolic Reactions and Enzymes

  2. Metabolic Reactions • Anabolism-reactions used to build large molecules from smaller ones. Provides bio-chemicals for cell growth and repair. • Catabolism-reactions used to breakdown large molecules into smaller ones to release energy. • Metabolism-the sum of the energy used for anabolism and catabolism.

  3. What are Enzymes? • Most enzymes are proteins (tertiary and quaternary structures) • Act as catalystto accelerate a reaction • Not permanently changed in the process • Are specific for what they will catalyze • Are Reusable • End in –ase -Sucrase-breaks down disaccharide sucrose to simple sugars -Lactase-breaks down disaccharide lactose to simple sugars

  4. Enzymes and Substrates form temporary complexes

  5. How do Enzymes work to build a protein needed by the body? (anabolism)

  6. How does the enzyme sucrase break down sucrose? (catabolism)

  7. Activation Energy • Energy needed for a reaction to proceed. • Enzymes work by weakening bonds which lowers activation energy • Helps to speed up chemical reactions in the Body.

  8. Without Enzyme With Enzyme Free Energy Free energy of activation Reactants Products Progress of the reaction Enzymes Lower Activation Energy

  9. What Affects Enzyme Activity? • Environmental Conditions • Extreme temperaturesare the most dangerous-may denature (unfold) the enzyme. • pH -most enzymes prefer pH from 6 - 8 near neutral • Ionic concentration (salt ions)

  10. What Affects Enzyme Activity? (cont.) • Cofactors and Coenzymes • Inorganic substances (zinc, iron) and vitamins (respectively) are sometimes need for proper enzymatic activity. • Used in making ATP in cellular respiration Ex: Iron must be present in the quaternary structure of hemoglobin to pick up oxygen in the blood. • Inhibitors • Many drugs block enzyme activity

  11. Examples of common enzymes in the body • Metabolic enzymes • Digestive enzymes • Amylase: This enzyme helps in breaking down carbohydrates. It is found in saliva, pancreas and intestinal juices. • Proteases: It helps in digestion of proteins. It is present in the stomach, pancreatic and intestinal juices. • Lipases: Lipases assist in digestion of fats. It is seen in the stomach, pancreatic juice and food fats. • Food enzymes

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