1 / 9

Overview of Anatomy and Physiology

Overview of Anatomy and Physiology. Anatomy : Scientific discipline that investigates the body’s structure Physiology : Scientific investigation of the processes or functions of living things. Beginnings of A&P. Egypt ~3000 yrs ago - 1 st anatomy manual

pabla
Télécharger la présentation

Overview of Anatomy and Physiology

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Overview of Anatomy and Physiology • Anatomy:Scientific discipline that investigates the body’s structure • Physiology:Scientific investigation of the processes or functions of living things

  2. Beginnings of A&P • Egypt ~3000 yrs ago - 1st anatomy manual • Greek physician Hippocrates (460-375 BC) - code of ethics & urged physicians to seek natural causes of disease • Galen (129-201 AD) - ___________________ • Little advancement in Middle Ages • Vesalius (1514-1564) - ____________________ • da Vinci (1452-1519) – human form • Harvey - blood flow & recycling of blood (1628)

  3. History of Anatomical Terminology • Most medical terms from Greek and Latin roots • Fast-paced anatomic discoveries during the Renaissance resulted in naming confusion • Geographic differences & eponyms • German Anatomic Society in 1895 began to unify international terminology • 1960s eponyms were rejected, but still used • Text pg G1-G2

  4. Anatomical & Physiological Variation • No two humans are exactly alike • Anatomy • Missing organs • More or less organs than normal • Variation in organ locations • Physiology • Differs with sex, age, diet, weight, degree of physical activity

  5. Homeostasis • Hippocrates noted that body normally returns to a state of equilibrium by itself • needs to detect the change & oppose it • Walter Cannon (1871-1945) coined the term homeostasis indicating stable internal environment • Internal environment at a dynamic equilibrium • fluctuates within a range around a certain set point • Loss of homeostatic control causes illness or death

  6. Negative Feedback, Set Point • Average room temperature would be ______

  7. Structures Needed for a Negative Feedback Loop • Receptor = structure that __________________ • stretch receptors in heart & large blood vessels send information of an elevated BP to integrator • Integrator = control center • cardiac center in brainstem signals heart to slow • Effector = structures (e.g., nerves & hormones) that carry out commands of the control center • heart slows and BP decreases

  8. Positive Feedback Loops • Physiological change that leads to an even greater change in the same direction (self-amplifying) • Normal way of producing rapid changes

  9. Life-Threatening Fever • If temperature rises above 108°F • metabolic rate increases causing body to produce heat faster still • Temperature increases & cycle repeats • Fatal at 113°F

More Related