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Chapter 26

Chapter 26. Emerging Technologies. Chapter 26 Objectives. Understand methods to handle speed and bandwidth on the Internet Prepare for real time wireless communications Consider the human interface and role of PDAs Understand the meaning of artificial intelligence

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Chapter 26

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  1. Chapter 26 Emerging Technologies

  2. Chapter 26 Objectives • Understand methods to handle speed and bandwidth on the Internet • Prepare for real time wireless communications • Consider the human interface and role of PDAs • Understand the meaning of artificial intelligence • Explore the role of bots on the Web • Define HDTV and the future of digital television • Consider how hubs facilitate wireless Ethernet networks

  3. Emerging Technologies • Since the Internet is the communications infrastructure of the 21st century, its future is vitally important • New technologies are cyclical, and include • Invention • Prototyping • Proof of concept • Productizing • Manufacture

  4. Emerging Technologies • Information technologies are rapidly changing and PCs bought this year are quickly outdated • Sometimes it seems like WWW stands for World Wide Wait • Fuchs’s law* states, “The time to acquisition is longer than the time to obsolescence.” *Ira Fuchs, V.P. IT Research, Andrew Mellon Foundation, Chronicle of Higher Education 28 March 1997

  5. Improving the Infrastructure • Solutions include MBONE, which stands for Multicast Backbone • MBONE • is a multicasting network of computers on the Internet that is growing in importance • It transmits simultaneous live video and audio broadcasts for the converging TV, telephone, and computer industries • To connect MBONE, your ISP needs special routing and switching equipment

  6. Improving the Infrastructure • Streaming media network (SMN) vendors apply MBONE concepts for uninterrupted audio/video streams • iBeam uses satellites • Akamai uses server farms that are near the edge of ISPs for streaming media • In Europe, the Servecast SMN has a similar edge delivery network

  7. Figure 26-2 Streaming media networks locate so-called edge servers that contain mirror copies of multimedia content; thus, an ISP can get a stream started faster from the edge server than from the original source of the Webcast.

  8. Internet2 • A consortium of over 200 universities is leading a project called Internet2 • Internet2 uses high speed connection points called Gigapops • Internet2 has three protocols • The Resource Reservation Protocol reserves bandwidth between the workstation and the host • Internet Protocol version 6 is a packet-delivery protocol with assigned priorities • Multicast uses IP tunneling and multithreading

  9. Wireless Communications • In the 20th century, a wire or cable hookup was required to connect a computer to the Internet • Today, wireless communication techniques include smart cell phones, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi,and IP Telephony

  10. Wireless Cell Phones • Cingular Wireless offers Internet service on the Motorola Smartphone • Access a mobile Web browser for online shopping, news, weather, sports, stock quotes, flight reservations, check arrivals, online trading, etc. • ActiveSync software synchronizes your phone with Outlook or Lotus Notes • Read your e-mail from WorldNet, AOL, or Yahoo!mail

  11. Bluetooth • Bluetooth is an emerging standard for high-speed wireless communications • All major telecomm and computer vendors support Bluetooth • Bluetooth transmits a short-range radio signal that replaces cable connections • Bluetooth offers wireless connections to LANs, telephone networks, and the Internet • The Bluetooth specification is free at www.bluetooth.com

  12. Bluetooth Bluetooth devices communicate via short-wave radio links called Piconet. Figure 26-4 Bluetooth-enabled devices can communicate with up to seven devices at once.

  13. Wi-Fi • Wi-Fi is the trade name for products based on the IEEE 802-11 specification for wireless local area networks • Wi-Fi networks • Operate up to 300 feet with access points called HotSpots for Wi-Fi enabled devices • Wi-Fi requires either a provider account or FreeSpots at hotels, coffee shops, restaurants, malls, airports, business districts, etc. • The Wi-Fi Alliance has 205 companies and 1,500 certified products

  14. IP Telephony • Microsoft’s Telephone Application Program Interface (TAPI) converges public switched telephone networks with the Internet Protocol (IP) telephony • IP telephony collapses voice, video, and data into one network • TAPI technology is evolving • Microsoft is developing a markup language that will allow users to dial and talk over Web pages

  15. VoIP • Using TAPI, a Web site can easily establish a voice-over (VoIP) link • The VoIP bandwagon is growing • VoIP calls cost about 80 percent less than traditional long distance • Verizon (phone) and Comcast (cable) are competing aggressively for VoIP customers

  16. Personal Digital Assistants • Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) are portable, handheld computers • PDAs can be synchronized with your computer for personal information such as address book, calendar, and Web sites • You can also download music and videos • The two main families of PDAs are Windows CE and Palm

  17. Personal Digital Assistants • Windows CE is a compact version of Microsoft O/S for consumer devices • PocketPCis the trade name for palm-sized PDAs • Palm, Inc. is the leader in PDAs • It was first to market in 1996 • Palm’s OS market share slipped from 70% in 2000 to 30% in 2005 • Future competition will be keen between PocketPCs and Palm devices

  18. Smart Watches Microsoft’s MSN Direct service offers a Smart Watch with three-step access • Choose smart watches from Swatch, Fossil, or Tissot • Use a Web browser to activate and use the service from the MSN direct Web site • Information is encrypted and sent to your watch via FM radio signals Figure 26-7 The Tissot HighT is a Smart Watch with a touch screen. Six alternate faces come with the watch.

  19. Artificial Intelligence for the Internet • Voice Recognition • Apple Speech Recognition is built into the Mac OSX • The product allows the developer to define the active words for custom vocabularies • IBM’s Via Voice and Dragon System’s NaturallySpeaking are competing on the Windows platform • Both products recognize tens of thousands of words and are trainable

  20. Artificial Intelligence for the Internet • Text-to-Speech Conversion • PlainTalk, • Apple’s text-to-speech product speaks in Spanish and English • DirectTalk • On Windows and Unix, an IBM product for building an interactive voice response system • Chant Corporation’s SpeechKit • Includes speech synthesis and text-to-speech

  21. Foreign Language Translation • IBM’s Websphere Translation Server can translate Web pages, e-mail and chat • From English into French, Italian, German, Spanish, Chinese, Japanese, and Korean • FromFrench, Italian, German and Spanish into English • Translation speeds range from 200 to 500 words per second • Several foreign language translations are used at the Google.com search engine

  22. Image Recognition • Virage’s VIR product compares images with a visual template • VIR software reduces an image into a one-kilobyte file, based on the placement, color, and texture of the shapes • The VIR image engine is used with Oracle, Informix, Sysbase, Object Design, and Objectivity databases • To read U.S. Patent 5,893,095 for VIR, go to www.uspto.gov

  23. Bots • Bots, short for robots, are programmed to act as intelligent agents that go out on the network to find or do things for you • Ferretsoft • Hunts for Web pages, e-mail addresses, files, chat rooms, phone numbers and news • BotSpot • Helps to shop, invest, learn, and research • StreetPrices, Priceline, mySimon, BottomDollar etc, • Online shopping bots

  24. Digital Television and Video • By 2010, most users will be able to surf the Internet and watch TV on the same high-resolution display screen • The new digital television signal is called HDTV, which stands for high-definition television

  25. HDTV • The HDTV standard is based on four technologies • MPEG digital video compression • Packet transmission that permits video, audio, and data • Progressive scanning for computer interoperability • 60 frames per second at 1920 x 1080 pixels • CD-quality digital surround using Dolby AC-3 audio technology

  26. MPEG • MPEG stands for Motion Picture Experts Group • MPEG compresses video by using a transform algorithm to eliminate redundancy in blocks of pixels • MPEG is the standard for compact discs, DVD, cable TV, satellite broadcasts, HDTV, and the popular DirecTV system

  27. MSN TV Internet Receiver • The MSN TV Internet Receiver is a new set-top box technology • The set-top box is a device that combines your telephone with the video signal on your TV or VCR • You must subscribe to the MSN TV service, which provides MSN Messenger, MSN News, and Hotmail

  28. MSN TV Internet Receiver Figure 26-9 MSN TV comes with a set-top box, a computer keyboard, and a universal remote that features “one-thumb” surfing. Figure 26-8 MSN TV connects your telephone to your TV for access to the World Wide Web and e-mail.

  29. Microsoft TV • Microsoft TV records your favorite shows without a VCR, pauses live TV, creates your program lineup, and does instant replay • Verizon, SBC, and BellSouth’s Fiber Optic Services all include an interactive program guide, HDTV, digital video recording, and video on demand

  30. Digital Hubs • Your future PC will be a digital hub that will coordinate all of the electronic devices in your home • Microsoft’s hub product is called Windows XP Media Center Edition • Apple is working to make the Macintosh the preferred home entertainment hub • In 2004, Moxi Media Center won an Emmy for Best TV User Interface Design

  31. Emerging Digital Hub Features • Wireless transmission of multimedia • Distribution of video streams • Print photos from your digital camera • Download music in your PDA • Upload, edit, and play movies on HDTV • Capture images from wireless cameras • Send scheduled/random pages to you • Remote control of all devices, on or off site

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