Cells

1. Cells Plant and Animal Cells By: Mr. Mamula

2. The Following Information is From Chapter One • Class in your notebooks copy down any information written in pink. • Key Terms and Vocabulary are written in that color. • Any writing that appears in Green will be a question that you will have to answer in your notebooks.

3. Microscopes and Cells • Robert Hooke used the first compound microscope to view thinly sliced cork cells. • Hooke was the first to use the term “cell”. • Anton van Leeuwenhoek builds microscope that magnifies objects 300 times • Discovers one-celled organisms in pond water.

4. Microscopes and Cells • 1830’s. • Mathias Schleiden identified the first plant cells and concluded that all plants made of cells. • - Thomas Schwann made the same conclusion about animal cells.

5. Three Part-Cell Theory: • Cells are building blocks of all living things. • All life processes take place in cells. • New cells come from existing cells.

6. 1. Scientists did not discover cells until the 1600’s. What invention helped in this discovery? • Microscope 2. Why did it take an additional 200 years for scientists to come up with the cell theory? A. Better technology had to be developed.

7. Cells • Simple organisms such as bacteria, are single cell. • Plants and animals are made up of many cells. • Each kind of cell has a particular function.

8. Cells: Size & Shape • Size and Shape depend upon its function. • Red blood cells are small and disc shaped to fit through the smallest blood vessel. • Muscle cells are long and thin. When they contract they produce movement. • Nerve cells which carry signals to the brain are very long.

9. Cells Contain Organelles • Organelles are Structures inside of cells that perform specific functions. • Chloroplasts, Nuclei, Vacuoles are all examples of Organelles.

10. Important parts of a Plant Cell • Cell Wall-Stiff outer layer that protects the cell and gives it shape • Nucleus-Cell’s control center • Cytoplasm-Clear jelly-like substance that holds organelles in place • Mitochondria-Breaks down food and provides cell with energy • Vacuole-Store food and waste in cells • Cell Membrane-Holds material of cells together, and also allows controls what substances enter and leave the cell • Nuclear Membrane-Holds together Nucleus and regulates what materials enter and exit the Nucleus • Chloroplast-Make plants food through process of photosynthesis

11. 3. What feature of plant cells allows plants, such as redwoods, to grow tall and stay rigid? • A. The cell wall Provides support and structure for the plant.

12. Mitochondria • Mito = Mighty / Power • The Power-House of the cell • They break down food molecules so the cell has the energy to live • If a cell needs a lot of energy…it will have more mitochondria

13. VACUOLE: STORAGE IN PLANT CELLS • Vacuoles in plants support structure • Vacuoles hold onto things that the cell might need…like a backpack • There are some vacuoles that hold onto waste products, similar to having a big septic tank • Storing waste products protects the cell from contamination

14. Plant Cell http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/cell_model.html.

15. Animal Cell http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/cell_model.htm.

16. 4. Name Two Differences between Plant and Animal Cells A. Chloroplasts and Cell Wall

17. Nucleus • The “brain” of the cell • Controls all of the cellular activities • Chromosomes are inside the nucleus

18. Chromosomes and DNA • Chromosomes are structures that carry an organism’s genetic information. • When new cells are created chromosomes are copied. DNA is found within the chromosome. • DNA is like an instruction manual for cells. • Cells know their purpose and function from DNA

19. 5. Can you take a pill that permanently changes your eye color? • A. No because DNA determines a person’s characteristics. (eye color, height, and hair color)