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Chapter Four: Outlook on the judicial system

Chapter Four: Outlook on the judicial system. Introduction Plaintiffs and defendants Probable cause (4th Amendment) Burden of proof ( onus probandi ) Trial by jury (5th Amendment) Examination and cross-examination No self-incrimination (5th Amendment) No double jeopardy (5th Amendment).

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Chapter Four: Outlook on the judicial system

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  1. Chapter Four: Outlook on the judicial system

  2. Introduction • Plaintiffs and defendants • Probable cause (4th Amendment) • Burden of proof (onus probandi) • Trial by jury (5th Amendment) • Examination and cross-examination • No self-incrimination (5th Amendment) • No double jeopardy (5th Amendment)

  3. State courts and federal courts, an overview

  4. 1-state courts • Petty trial courts, small claims courts, conciliation courts, people’s courts (different names in most US states) • Hear civil cases between litigants of a same state, no lawyer or attorney required • Headed by a Justice of the Peace (often elected), Connecticutt JPs • Limited to $7.500 claims • On television (arbitration): (The People’s Court)

  5. Trial courts (different names) • Civil courts, criminal courts • General (any type of action) or limited jurisdiction (ex: juvenile court, family court) • One judge (or more, often a jury)

  6. Courts of Appeals (several names) • Review decisions • Litigants allowed 1 appeal • A few states with no appellate courts

  7. State Supreme Courts (other names) • State Constitutions • Competence • Judges • Elected or chosen by governors

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