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MARRAKECH

LESSON TWO. MARRAKECH. George Orwell. Theme of Human Existence. Unfairness of the world Limited natural resources Ecological competition (survival to the fittest) Political/economical/cultural invasion Confrontation vs. cooperation Pluralistic economy/culture/politics

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MARRAKECH

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  1. LESSON TWO MARRAKECH George Orwell

  2. Theme of Human Existence • Unfairness of the world • Limited natural resources • Ecological competition (survival to the fittest) • Political/economical/cultural invasion • Confrontation vs. cooperation • Pluralistic economy/culture/politics • People’s own way of existence • Free choices of state systems • Coexistence of mankind as a whole

  3. Formal links(referring to facts inside language) • Cohesive devices :( 粘连手段) • Verb form ( shift of tense …) • Parallelism • Referring expressions • Repetition and lexical chains • Substitution (do, so, like to…) • Ellipsis ( short answer, making vividness…) • Conjunction (or, however, so, by the way)

  4. Contextual Links( referring facts outside language ) • Coherence in meanings(意义连贯) invisible— unnoticed— unawareness-- unexpected • Unnoticed body: brownskined, earthcolored, undifferentiated brown stuff; undistinguished hair… • Unnoticed living condition: birth, death, works, health… like bees; coral insets; sink back into nameless mounds of … • Unnoticed notable comparisons: • gazelles>navvy; storks/white birds> black people • donkey>woman; tourist resorts>starved countries; All colonial empires established on this fact

  5. Message of the text • evil system of… • unawareness of… • (all white men only know the secret too well to tell…) • politicalattitude of the author: • Angry feeling • Helplessness • Desperation • Disappointment Great sympathy towards working people Great effort to wake up the native people by objective description of unnoticed notable things

  6. Detailed study of the text • Marrakechis a piece of exposition or expository writing. The purpose or intention of the writer of exposition (informative writing) is to inform or explain. He appeals to a reader's under­standing with verifiable facts and valid information, explaining and interpreting that material so that the reader will accept his point of view or explanation. Thus he must organize and develop his thought objectively and present it with honesty and complete­ness so that the reader will have confidence in what he is saying. • Exposition is the most common kind of writing, for it is applicable to anything which challenges the understanding the definition of a word, the structure of a plant, the meaning of a historical event, the significance of a philosophical system, etc

  7. Detailed study of the text Orwell describes objectively the suffering and misery of the colonial people in Marrakech, yet he manages to show that he is outraged at the spectacle of misery. He succeeds in imparting this feeling to his readers, first, through the clever choice of the scenes he describes; second, through the appropriate use of words; third, through the tone in which he describes these scenes; and finally, by contrasting the indignation at the cruel handling of the donkey with the unconcern towards the fate of the human beings.

  8. How to discover the themes? Travel GuidesFor travel information on destinations in the U.S., Europe, Canada, Mexico, the Caribbean, Asia, South America and more, visit our Online Guides. Find valuable info on hotels, restaurants, culinary events and feature stories.

  9. What do you want to see vs. what let you see? • Enjoy the Picturesque sceneries of foreign lands? • Discover the unknown historical heritages of other countries? • Experience the Cultural differences of other nations? Keep it as it has been?? Restore it as it was? Leave it as it should be? Turn it into sth modern? Improve it to be better? What do you think of the world heritages: Physical & spiritual

  10. Way of life? • Means of making a living? • System of marriage/family? • Custom of community? （social usages） • Relations to nature and outside world? • …… Question1: Can we preserve the human history at sacrifice of the progress and improvement of some selected races and communities (or nations, areas)? Yes or no? Why? How?

  11. It is simply because of this that starved countries of Asia and Africa are accepted as tourist resorts. … (p20, pr17) • Equity right of living • Freedom to choose their way of living UNESCO World Heritage List

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