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Music Symbols and Notation

Music Symbols and Notation. 9 th and 10 th Grade Music Theory Class November 28 th 2006 Mr. Haubert. Overview. This lesson will show you the basics of the different symbols and notations that are used in music, whether they be in instrumental or choral literature.

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Music Symbols and Notation

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  1. Music Symbols and Notation 9th and 10th Grade Music Theory Class November 28th 2006 Mr. Haubert

  2. Overview • This lesson will show you the basics of the different symbols and notations that are used in music, whether they be in instrumental or choral literature. • It is important to know the meanings and applications of these symbols in order to better understand music as an art form.

  3. Some Basics • (a) Staff- the lines on which musical notation is written • (b) Bar Line- a line that separates the staff into measures • (c) Ledger Lines- lines that extend the staff up and down • (d) Double Bar Line- two lines that either can separate two sections of music, or end the piece A B C D

  4. Some Basics • You will see these symbols in just about all pieces of music. • The Clef symbol will help indicate the voicing. Often times, the Treble Clef will be used for higher voices, and the Bass Clef for lower voices, but there are exceptions. • The Key Signature helps to identify which notes on the staff are raised and lowered, and the effect remains throughout unless an accidental cancels the effect. • The Time Signature sets what the rhythm of the music is. The top number identifies how many beats are in a measure, and the bottom number identifies what note value the beat is.

  5. The Clef Symbols • The Treble Clef is also known as the “G Clef” because the curl in the symbol wraps around the line on the staff that is named G. • The Bass Clef is known as the “F Clef” because the two dots are centered on the line F.

  6. Note Names • As you know, the musical alphabet uses the letters A-G. The lines and spaces of the Treble Clef and the Bass Clef are spelled differently. • For the Bass Clef from the bottom up • The lines are spelled GBDFA; Good Boys Do Fine Always • The spaces are spelled ACEG; All Cows Eat Grass • For the Treble Clef from the bottom up • The lines are spelled EGBDF; Every Good Boy Does Fine • The spaces spell the word FACE

  7. Accidentals • Accidentals are symbols that precede notes and tell us to either raise or lower the pitch of the note. • (a.) Sharp- raises pitch by one half step • (b.) Flat- lowers pitch by one half step • (c.) Double Sharp- raises the pitch by two half steps, or one whole step • (d.) Double Flat- lowers the pitch by two half steps, or one whole step • (e.) Natural- cancels the effect of any other accidentals and makes the pitch sound unchanged. A B C D E

  8. Dynamic Markings Dynamic markings are used to describe the volume, or rather the intensity of the volume of music. Pianissimo Mezzo-Piano Forte Piano Fortissimo Mezzo-Forte Softest Loudest

  9. Dynamic Markings A • (a) Crescendo- a gradual increase in volume • (b) Diminuendo- a gradual decrease in volume • (c) Sforzando- a sudden increase in volume B C

  10. Articulations • Sometimes, symbols are added to notes to give them a certain emphasis or length • (a) accent- the note is louder with a strong attack • (b) fermata- the note is held for an indefinite length • (c) staccato- the note is shorter and more detached sounding • (d) tenuto- the note is held for its full value and is slightly accented A B C D

  11. Phrase Markings • Phrase markings help give shape to musical lines. • (a) Tie- a curved line that connects two notes of the same pitch to make them sound as one note. • (b) Slur- a curved line that connects two notes of different pitch so that there is no break between them. • It is possible to see both of these markings occur across bar lines A B

  12. Repeating Symbols • Finally, there are some symbols that tell us to repeat sections of music. • (a) Repeat signs- play again what is in between the two markings • (b) 1st and 2nd endings- once you reach the last measure of the 1st ending you will usually see a repeat sign. Go back to repeat the material and when you come to the first measure of the 1st ending, skip ahead to the 2nd ending section A B

  13. Repeating Symbols • (c) De Capo- Repeat from the beginning of the piece. • (d) Dal Segno- repeat from the Segno, or Sign • (e) Segno [Sign]- point at which a repeated section may begin at. This symbol usually occurs in the opening or middle sections of a piece. • (f) Coda- marks the place where you skip ahead to the final section of a piece. • Note: D.C. al Coda and D.S. al Coda are used sometimes. • Another common symbol is D.C. al fine or D.S. al fine, which means that the piece will end when you see the word Fine written in the music. C D E F

  14. Quiz • The quiz on this material will be next Tuesday. You will not be allowed to use your notes on this quiz. Be prepared! • If you are confused on any of this material, it is your responsibility to come and bring me your questions. I will answer them to the best of my ability.

  15. Announcements • Don’t forget to come and support your classmates who are performing in the Ohio Band Director’s Conference this weekend! • See you Thursday!

  16. Reference slide • Material for this presentation was taken from Wikipedia.com and from the Dolmetsch Online Musical Dictionary. • http://www.dolmetsch.com/musicalsymbols.htm • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_musical_symbols

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