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Automated Gateware Discovery Using Open Firmware

A presentation on my part time MSc research that aims to lay foundation for automating gateware detection. Presented By: Shanly Rajan Embedded Systems Engineer SKA SA CASPER WORKSHOP:20 AUGUST 2010. Automated Gateware Discovery Using Open Firmware. Overview. Background - OS for FPGAS

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Automated Gateware Discovery Using Open Firmware

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  1. A presentation on my part time MSc research that aims to lay foundation for automating gateware detection. Presented By: Shanly Rajan Embedded Systems Engineer SKA SA CASPER WORKSHOP:20 AUGUST 2010 Automated Gateware DiscoveryUsingOpen Firmware

  2. Overview • Background - OS for FPGAS • Open Firmware • U-boot Open Firmware • Open Firmware design & implementation • Implementation Examples • Research Status & Future Directions • Conclusion

  3. Recent OS for FPGAs Unified HW/SW OS for PRFPGA systems • VPOS • ReconOS • FDT for FreeBSD • FDT for ROACH OS for Reconfigurable Embedded Platforms • BORPH OS • GATOS • FOCA OF Research Issues in OS for reconfigurable computing 1994 Virtual Hardware Operating System for Xilinx XC6002

  4. Open Firmware • Open Firmware : Hardware Independent Boot Code • Boot Time Drivers for testing machine hardware • Building Device Trees which OS later uses • Device Tree : Data Structure that holds information about the set of devices attached to the system, including permanently installed devices and plug-in devices, as described by an Open Firmware. • A FDT: • Data structure for describing hardware • Passed to kernel at boot-time • Alternative to hard-coded platform details

  5. U-boot Open Firmware • U-boot, the bootloader for the powerpc architecture in ROACH has built-in Open Firmware (OF) support • The device-tree layout for u-boot is strongly inherited from the definition of the Open Firmware IEEE 1275-1994 device-tree • The observation that gateware implementations on FPGA can be treated as pluggable peripherals suggests that it can be represented in the device tree just like any other physical peripheral • Conventional/Traditional Method : Scheme of loading existing device drivers to operate on physical peripherals can also be extended to gateware images as well. • The research facilitates the process of identifying and operating on gateware images by extending the exisiting infrastructure of probing devices in traditional software by using Open Firmware.

  6. Terminology • Open Firmware (OF) Device Tree (DT) • Device representation exported by Open Firmware • Flattened Device Tree (FDT) • Firmware-independent device tree • Device Tree Compiler (DTC) • Convert between .dts and .dtb • Device Tree Source (.dts) • Device Tree Blob (.dtb) • Tokenized form; used by kernel • Binding • Documentation of how the DT describes hardware

  7. OF Device Tree Model root platform spi bridge Drivers registered against bus types uart i2c bus temp platform_bus_type pci bus i2c_bus_type ethernet pci_bus_type

  8. Open Firmware Implementation Gateware Implementations Uboot OF Bootloader Linux OF root { ……………….. Ethernet Serial Data Capture ........……….. ……………… ……………… } DEVICE DRIVER Serial UART driver Ethernet driver Sound driver OF Client Interface Calls Bit stream + Meta-information file dts dtb DEVICE TREE EXTENSION

  9. FPGA Serial UART example SERIAL DEVICE DEVICE DRIVER Uartlite Serial bit Uartlite Driver OPERATES FPGAV5 : serial@d0010000{ device_type = "serial"; compatible = "xlnx,opb-uartlite-1.00.b"; reg = <0xd0010000 10000>; current-speed = <115200>; clock-frequency = <66666666>; xlnx,data-bits = <8>; xlnx,odd-parity = <0>; xlnx,use-parity = <0>; }; DESCRIPTION INVOKES MATCH EXTENDING DEVICE TREES

  10. Treating katADC as a soundcard • Current Status Aiming to record and playback ADC data captured into BRAMS with a modified sound device driver and utilize sound analysis tools for visualization and playback. • Future Work • A mkfdt utility that converts FPGA bit stream and meta information into the required flattened device tree format. • Hot Pluggability • Adding device drivers specific to radio astronomy.

  11. BORPH or OF FDT ?? Trade - Off Ease of Use Performance Win-Win Approach

  12. Conclusion • Recent OS for FPGAS - Background • Open Firmware • U-boot Open Firmware • OF design and implementation for ROACH • OF implementation examples: serial UART • Current progress & Future Directions ALTERNATIVE APPROACH CONSIDERED (EXTENDING DEVICE TREES)

  13. q Questions ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? email : shanly.rajan@ska.ac.za

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