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System Administration

System Administration. Storage Systems. Agenda. Storage Devices Partitioning LVM File Systems. Storage Devices. Single Disk. RAID?. RAID. Redundant Array of Independent Disks Software vs. Hardware RAID 0, 1, 3, 5, 6. Software RAID. Parity done by CPU FakeRAID Linux md LVM

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System Administration

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  1. System Administration Storage Systems

  2. Agenda • Storage Devices • Partitioning • LVM • File Systems

  3. Storage Devices

  4. Single Disk

  5. RAID?

  6. RAID • Redundant Array of Independent Disks • Software vs. Hardware • RAID 0, 1, 3, 5, 6

  7. Software RAID • Parity done by CPU • FakeRAID • Linux md • LVM • ZFS, btrfs • Later

  8. Hardware RAID • RAID controller card • Dedicated hardware box

  9. Direct Attached Storage • SAS interface

  10. Storage Area Network • Fiber Channel • iSCSI • ATA-over-Ethernet

  11. Fiber Channel

  12. Network Attached Storage • NFS • CIFS (think Windows File Sharing)

  13. SAN vs. NAS

  14. Partitioning

  15. 1 File System / Disk?

  16. 2 TB maybe… 2TB x 12?

  17. 2TB x 128 then?

  18. Partitioning in Linux • fdisk • No support for GPT • Parted • GParted

  19. Fdisk

  20. Add Partition

  21. Delete Partition

  22. Save & Exit

  23. Parted

  24. Add Partition

  25. Change Units

  26. Delete Partition

  27. No need to save • Any action you do is permanent • Parted will try to update system partition table

  28. Script support • parted can also take commands from command line: • parted /dev/sdamkpartpri ext2 1Mib 10Gib

  29. Resize (Expand) • Edit partition table • Delete and create with same start position • Reload partition table • Reboot if needed • Expand filesystem

  30. Resize (Shrink) • Shrink filesystem • Slightly smaller than final • Edit partition table • Delete and create with same start position • Reload partition table • Reboot if needed • Expand filesystem to fit partition

  31. No Partition Moving

  32. Logical Volume Manager

  33. What is LVM? • A system to manage storage devices • Volume == Disk

  34. Why use LVM? • Storage pooling • Online resizing • Resize any way • Snapshots

  35. Concepts • Physical Volume • A disk or partition • Volume Group • A group of PVs • Logical Volume • A virtual disk/partition • Physical Extent • Data blocks of a PV

  36. Using a partition for LVM • Best to have a partition table • Create partition with LVM type • Fdisk: use “t” to change type to “8e” • Parted: toggle “lvm” flag • pvcreate /dev/XXX

  37. Create a volume group • vgcreate<name> /dev/XXX …

  38. Add PVs to volume groups • vgextend<name> /dev/XXX …

  39. Create a logical volume • lvcreate --name <name> --size <size> <volume group> • Size units: • B, K, M, G, T … • Path to new volume • /dev/<volume group>/<name>

  40. More about LVM • https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/LVM

  41. File Systems

  42. What is a File System? • A file system (or filesystem) is an abstraction to store, retrieve and update a set of files. • Learn more in OS course

  43. Linux Disk File Systems • Ext Family • Ext2 • Ext3 • Ext4 • ReiserFS • XFS • ZFS • Btrfs

  44. Ext Family • Ext replaced MINIX file system • Ext2 was major overhaul • Ext3 adds • Journaling • Online expand • Htree directory index (was linked-list)

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