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Hearing

Hearing. By Emily Hodgson and Joshua Bower. What is the stapedius reflex?. Stapedius muscle controlled by CN VII The reflex occurs to tighten the tympanic membrane, thus reducing movement and dampening sound to protect the inner ear. What are the THREE types of hearing loss? [3]. Central

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Hearing

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  1. Hearing • By Emily Hodgson and Joshua Bower

  2. What is the stapedius reflex? • Stapedius muscle controlled by CN VII • The reflex occurs to tighten the tympanic membrane, thus reducing movement and dampening sound to protect the inner ear

  3. What are the THREE types of hearing loss? [3] • Central • Sensorineural • Conductive How is it tested?

  4. Give THREE causes of conductive hearing loss [3] • Cerumen (wax) • Otitis media and externa • Tumour • Otosclerosis

  5. Give THREE causes of sensorineural hearing loss [3] • Damage to cochlea or CN VIII • Old age • Medications • Immune disorders • Noise exposure • Trauma • Tumours

  6. What is tinnitus? • A term to describe any sounds a person can hear from inside their body, rather than from an outside source

  7. What are the TWO types of tinnitus? • Pulsatile (sound of blood flow) • Drug-induced

  8. Give TWO examples of drugs which can cause tinnitus - Aspirin/NSAIDs (common indicator for salicylate poisoning) - ABx (incl chloramphenicol, gentamicin, vancomycin, bleomycin) - CV drugs (ACEi, ßblocker) - Cancer drugs (incl vincristine) - Diuretics (incl furosemide) - Antimalarials (quinine-based drugs)

  9. The Vestibular System

  10. What is vertigo? • Illusion of movement

  11. What are the TWO types of vertigo? • Peripheral (inner ear damage) • Labyrinthine (drugs, infection)Vestibular nerve (infection, tumour) • Central (cerebellum) • e.g. demyelination, vertebrobasillar insufficiency, Menieres

  12. What are the THREE things required for balance? • Proprioception • Vision • Vestibular How is it tested?

  13. List THREE causes of a Romberg +ve patient [3] • Sensory ataxia • Tabes dorsalis • Vestibular system damage

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