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Family Development Policy in Indonesia: A Holistic Integrative Strategy for Human Development. Subandi Sardjoko Deputy Minister for Human, Society and Cultural Development Ministry of National Development Planning/BAPPENAS. B O G O R , 0 4 S E P T E M B E R 2 0 1 8.

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  1. Family Development Policy in Indonesia: A Holistic Integrative Strategy for Human Development SubandiSardjoko Deputy Minister for Human, Society and CulturalDevelopment Ministry of National DevelopmentPlanning/BAPPENAS BOGOR,04SEPTEMBER2018

  2. SituationAnalysis 3

  3. Changes in Population Structure in 45Years • Number of Population 119,2million • Life Expectancy is 55,1years • 14,6% population resides in urbanarea • Number of Population 255,1million • Life Expectancy is 70,8years • 53,1% population resides in urbanarea Population Pyramid2015 Population Pyramid1971 75+ 70-74 65-69 80-84 70-74 60-64 55-59 60-64 50-54 45-49 50-54 40-44 40-44 35-39 30-34 30-34 20-24 25-29 20-14 15-19 10-14 10-14 000 5-9 0-4 000 0-4 15.000 10.000 5.000 Female 0 5.000 10.000 15.000 20.000 10.000 Female 0 Working 10.000 School 20.000 Others Male Lainnya Male Perempuan Laki-laki 4 4 Source: BPS, Sensus andSupas

  4. Rapid Changes in Population Structure Caused by Decreased Fertility and MortalityLevels Total Fertility Rate1971-2015 Mortality Rate1971-2015 250 6 5,61 218 5,20 Awal 1970an, dimulai program KB di tingkat desa 5 200 4,68 4,06 4 158 150 145 3,33 3 2,41 2,80 99 2,342,26 109 100 81 2 2,28 71 57 50 26,2 22 47 1 0 26 0 SUPAS'95 SUPAS'15 SP2000 SP'71 SP'80 SP'90 SP'10 SUPAS'76 SUPAS'85 SUPAS'95 SUPAS'05 SUPAS'15 SP'71 SP'80 SP'90 SP'10 SP2000 Under five MortalityRate Total FertilityRate Infant MortalityRate Angka KematianBayi Angka KematianBalita • Indonesia's family planning program is one of the best family planning program in theworld. • The family planning program has reduced fertility rates in a relatively shorttime. • The increasing level of health decreases the Infant MortalityRate • There is a strong correlation between family planning success and a sharp decline in IMRfigures Source: SP and Supas, various years,BPS 5

  5. Demographic Dividend inIndonesia • The dependency ratio reaches a peak in 2022 and ends in 2037. It is potential to add an average of 0.62% to economic growth • One of the keys to harness demographic dividend is quality, productive and competitive humanresources. • Family plays a crucial roles and functions in humandevelopment. • Remarks: • Period of Demographic Bonus is calculated based on Economic Support Ratio: the number of productive labor force that supports every 100people. • The Economic Support Ratio paints a more effective picture about the potential of productive age population that are available fordevelopment. 6 Sumber: Kedeputian Kependudukan dan Ketenagakerjaan Bappenas,2018

  6. Indonesia Human DevelopmentIndex • Indonesia's HDI is lower than other lower middle incomecountries • The growth of HDI in the last 10 years is quite high but lower thanVietnam 0,75 0,75 0,76 The speed of Indonesia's HDI growth is the same asBrazil 0,75 0,73 0,74 0,73 0,74 0,72 0,74 0,74 0,73 0,72 0,71 0,73 0,72 0,72 0,70 0,70 0,70 0,71 0,70 0,71 0,69 0,69 0,70 0,68 0,68 0,68 0,69 0,69 0,67 0,68 0,68 0,66 0,68 0,66 0,66 0,67 0,66 0,65 0,64 0,66 0,64 0,64 0,63 0,65 0,64 0,63 0,62 0,63 0,62 0,60 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Thailand Brazil Indonesia Vietnam Sumber : HDR2016 7

  7. Family in Indonesia: Socio-demographicContext Average Number of HouseholdMembers 81,2Million Families Every 1 Household consistof 1,23families 66,2million Household 6,0 5,0 4,0 3,0 2,0 1,0 0,0 4,8 4,8 4,6 4,5 4,4 3,8 3,8 3,7 3,7 3,7 19,45Million Female-headedhouseholds 61,75Million Male-headedHouseholds 24% 76% 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 PoorHousehold NonpoorHouseholds Number of Families Based on the Age of the FamilyHead Usia < 18 Tahun Usia 18 – 60Tahun Usia >60 Average Years of Schooling of Household Head(Years) 8,2 Percentage of Female-headedHouseholds 9,0 8,0 7,0 6,0 5,0 4,0 3,0 2,0 1,0 0,0 18,0 17,0 16,0 15,0 14,0 13,0 12,0 16,9 16,1 16,1 16,3 Mio 15,2 14,9 5,5 1,77 Mio (20%) 15,1 14,9 14,4 14,4 14,2 63,2 Mio 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2013 2014 2015 2016 NonpoorHouseholds 2017 PoorHousehold NonpoorHouseholds PoorHousehold Source: Supas2015 8 Source: Susenas2013-2017

  8. Challenges in FamilyDevelopment Impact of globalization and ICT (information, communication and technology) on family values andcommunication Marriage law and marriage preparationchallenges Family mobility will increase Changes in structure, roles,and responsibilities of Indonesianfamilies Provision of public spaces and a family-friendlyinfrastructure CHALLENGES Work and family life willbecome highlyinterdependent More women will enterthe labour More parents will face “time-bind” and impact of work or economy on health, safety, wellbeing, risk of abusivebehavior Youth may adopt increasingly liberal views towards sexual intimacy, marriage, religion, commitment, childbearing and LGBT. Also a rising concern on fundamentalism and radicalimsissue More people remaining single, delaying marriage and having fewer children, fatherless/motherless, single parent, children in alternativecare Enhance role of community and private sectors in familydevelopment 9

  9. Issues onMarriage People Now MarryLater Child Marriage Reminds aChallenge 1 IN 4 GIRLS MARRIED BEFORE 18 YEARSOLD Singulate mean age at first marriage 1971 to 2015(Year) 27,5 27,0 25,8 25,9 25,7 25,2 24,1 23,8 23,4 23,1 22,7 22,2 22,2 21,6 20,0 19,3 Percentage of women aged 20-24 married before the ages of 18 and15 27,4 30,0 25,8 25 24,7 24,5 24,3 24,2 22,82 22,35 25,0 20,0 15,0 10,0 5,0 Men Women Divorce Cases isIncreasing 3 2,5 2,5 2,44 Number of Divorce (2010 –2017) 2,04 1,87 1,78 1,12 1,08 400.000 350.000 300.000 250.000 200.000 150.000 100.000 50.000 0,0 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Usia Perkawinan Pertama <15tahun Usia Perkawinan Pertama < 18tahun Sumber: Susenas, BPS(2008-2016) • Child marriage occurs due to economic, social and culturalfactors. • Family and parent play critical roles in childmarriage. - 2010 2011 2012 2013 Source: BPS, Statistick Indonesia,2013-2017 2014 2015 2016 2017 10

  10. Maternal and ChildHealth: Maternal Mortality Ratio, Stunting, Anemia in Pregnant Mothers, ImunizationCoverage Maternal Mortality Ratio is far away from MDGsTarget 359(SDKI, 2012) Wide Gap in Immunization Coverage among Regons 346 334 (SP,2010) 305 (SUPAS,2015) 307 Immunization Coverage(%) 228 Highest Kematian Ibu palingbanyak terjadi di Rumah Sakit Pemerintah sebesar41,9% (Riskesdas,2013) (TargetMDGs) 102 DIY National 1997 2002 2007 2010 2012 2015 Stunting among Children Under five and Anemia among PregnantMothers Lowest 37,1% Pregnant Mothers PAPUA with Anemia 62,9% Sumber: Riskesdas,2013 Sumber: Riskesdas,2013 11

  11. BirthRegistration About 1/3 or 34% of children under the age of18 do not have a birthcertificate Approximately 9,1 million (23,5%) children of poor and vulnerable groups do not have birth certificates Approximately 60% of newborns do not have birth certificates beforetheir firstbirthday Most birth registrations occur at the age before 5 years —and increase by only 5% between the ages of 5 – 18years 12

  12. Multiple Risk Behavior among Adolescents and Youth Smoking,Alcohol Consumption and DrugsUse Men have much greater percentage of those risk behaviors thanwomen. The prevalence of risky behaviors among men is 55% currently smoke and 37% drink alcoholrecently. The percentage of drugs use is much smaller. With regard to the SDG smoking indicator, 45% of men and 1% of women age 15-18 currently smokecigarettes. Female Consumption Based on... AgeGroup Areas 15-19 20-24 Rural Urban Male Consumption Based on... AgeGroup 15-19 20-24 Areas Rural Urban 58,6 52,4 5 67,2 6,7 3,6 38,4 50,3 35,9 47,6 3,4 28,6 1,4 1,4 0,7 0,4 0,10,3 SexualExperience Men (8%) are more likely thanwomen (2%) to have premaritalsex. 3 7,6 4,15,3 0,20,2 Smoking Alcohol Consumption Drugs Smoking Alcohol Consumption Drugs Smoking Alcohol Consumption Drugs Smoking Alcohol Consumption Drugs Education AlcoholConsumption The percentage of men age 20-24 who reported of having premarital sex was higher than those age 15-19 (14% and 4% respectively). Education AlcoholConsumption Smoking Drugs Smoking Drugs 76,6 76,5 5,7 " Sexual experienceamong adolescents varies by education level. 10 % of women who were uneducated have ever had sex, higher than those whohave completed primary education andhigher" 56,4 43,1 59 4,1 50,3 47 43,6 3,5 3,3 38,6 3,13 30,8 2,4 1,8 0,9 0,9 0,4 6,4 6,4 5,9 0,3 4,1 0,2 3,6 0 0 13 education education above education education above Source: IDHS2017

  13. Violence against Women andChildren PREVALENCE OF VIOLENCE AGAINSTCHILDREN (experienced by boys and girls aged 13-17years) 38,62% 20,48% • PhysicalViolence • 1,5millions • 1 in 7children PhysicalViolence 01 01 • 3millions • 1 in 4children • Emotional Violence • 1,4millions • 1 in 8children EmotionalViolence 02 02 • 1,2millions • 1 in 9children 1 in 3women aged 15-64 years old have ever experienced physical and/or sexual violence perpetrated by their partner or non partner in herlifetime. SexualViolence SexualViolence 03 03 • 900.000 • 1 in 12children • 600.000 • 1 in 19children 1 in 10 have experienced violence in the last 12months Source: Violence Against ChildrenSurvey(2013) 14 Source: SPHPN,2016

  14. Education Access to Education isIncreasing • Access to education is increasing at almost all levels ofeducation. • The decline of GER in elementary school shows a decrease in the age of admission to school. Gross EnrolmentRate (2010 –2016) 47,5% • The learning process has to beimproved • The achievement of PISA scores continues to increase, but still lags behind compared to other ASEANcountries • Parents and family plays an important roles and functions to determine the success of learning process of theirchildren 36,5% ECD 111% 109% ElementarySchool Grade Achievement of PISA 2009, 2012 and2015 90,1% 80,6% Junior HighSchool Matematika Membaca Sains 80,9% 564 495 SG 556 525 535 487 SG 62,9% Senior HighSchool VN SG VN VN 421 TH ID 415 409 31,6% TH ID TIDH 403 386 397 26,3% University 2009 2012 2015 2009 2012 2015 2009 2012 2015 Susenas (2016) dan Forlap, Dikti(2016) 15

  15. Family Economics AndPoverty ExclusionError INTEGRATEDDATABASE*) 40% People who gets Government contribution For health insurance premium(KIS) 38% NearPoor/Vulnerable Number of Households 26.589.774 25% Rice Subsidy, Scholarship for thepoor Number ofFamilies 28.488.031 InclusionError Conditional Cash Transfer/ Program Keluarga Harapan(PKH) 15% TotalPopulation 96.705.167**) National Poverty Line (March2017) 27,77 millionpeople 10,64% Poor Keterangan: *) Based on the Ministry of Social Affairs Decree Number 57/HUK/2017 Integrated Data of Poor Handling Program in2017 **) Include 37% of Indonesia's total population in2017 16

  16. SocialPsychology Family Participation in Religious and SocialActivities Household Participation in Religious SocialActivities 90,00 80,00 70,00 60,00 50,00 40,00 30,00 20,00 10,00 0,00 Household Participation in Community SocialActivities 80,00 70,00 60,00 50,00 40,00 30,00 20,00 10,00 0,00 Source: Susenas,2014 17

  17. Family DevelopmentPolicy 18

  18. LEGAL BASIS FOR FAMILYDEVELOPMENT (Law No. 52/2009 on Population and FamilyDevelopment) Family development is an effort to build a quality family that lives in a healthy environment Family development policy is implemented by fostering family resilience and welfare to support families in carrying out their functionsoptimally Family development aims to improve the quality of the family so that arising a sense of security, peace and hope for a better future to achieve well-being and welfare 19

  19. HUMAN DEVELOPMENTPOLICY (NATIONAL LONG-TERM DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2005 -2025) Human development is aimed at developing the quality of human resources who are healthy, educated, noble, ethical, cultured, andcompetitive. Education Child Protection Health Improving the Quality of HumanLife • As a human and developmentresources • Men andWomen • Starting from the womb to elderly through life-cycle approach. Individuals and Families Family Planning Social Protection Human resource development requires a synergy in terms of policies/programs as well as strong coordination amongstakeholders Culture Religion 20

  20. Life Cycle Approach in Human ResourceDevelopment Education norms and life-skills, health and nutrition, family and community based agedcare EarlyChildhoodEducation Education,entrepreneurship Skills GoodNutrition Financial Education, financialliteracy Prenatal Neonatal Elderly A healthy and intelligent younggeneration Youth who are active andproductive A competitive and productive labor force Retirement preparationperiod A healthy productive Ageing “We Reap What We Sow...“ 21

  21. Family DevelopmentPolicy National Medium Term Development Planning 2015-2019(1) A. Increasing Family Roles andFunctions Communication, Information and Education (CIE) about familyplanning and familydevelopment; Increasing understanding, appreciation, practice and development of religiousvalues; Increasing understanding on life cycle approach so ensure every individual and family is healthy, intelligent, productive and competitive to meet the demographicbonus; Increasing knowledge and understanding of family and adolescent on reproductivehealth; Strengthening family capacity in child care and agedcare; Enhancing and strengthening activities to build character and sharpen children's creativity andtalent; Increasing understanding of family and community regardinggender equality andviolence; Advocacy and socialization to families and communities in providing a child-friendlyenvironment. 22 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

  22. Family DevelopmentPolicy National Medium Term Development Planning 2015-2019(2) B. Enhancing Sustainable Efforts for SocialDevelopment Rights Fulfillment for nine-year basic education services and quality secondaryeducation; Accelerating the fulfillment of access to quality maternal, child, adolescent and elderly health services; Strengthening access and quality of family planning and reproductive health services, especially in the JKN-SJSNsystem; Accelerating the improvement of communitynutrition; Strengthening the implementation of National Social SecuritySystem; Strengthening community movements in health promotion and community empowerment through partnerships among government institutions, private sector, and civilsociety; Accelerating the ownership of birthcertificates; Increasing access to housing, clean water and community sanitationservices; Protection of women and children from violence, includingtrafficking; Strengthening child protection systems that promote services including prevention, risk reduction and handling of children from any form of violence, exploitation, neglect and othermistreatment; Increasing inclusiveness for people with disabilities and elderly on every aspect of livelihood; Strengthening the social protection system for theelderly. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 23

  23. Family DevelopmentPolicy National Medium Term Development Planning 2015-2019(3) C. Increasing Sustainable Efforts forEconomic Development D.Strengthening Protection, Productivity and Fulfillment of Basic Rights for thePoor Arrangement of family-based integrated social assistance and life cycle through Productive and Prosperous Family Programs which include, among others, conditional and / or temporary cash assistance, nutritious food, increasing care/parenting capacity and family business, developing aid distribution through digital finance and social empowerment and rehabilitation; Increasing inclusiveness for people with disabilities and the elderly on every aspect of livelihood; and Institutional strengthening and coordination through improving the quality and availability of social welfare personnel, standardizing social welfare institutions, and developing referral systems and integratedservices. Increasing level of income (per capita) aswell as reducing the gap among thegroups; Increasing access to employment so that the unemployment rate decreases, especially for youth; Food security includes price stabilizationto keep the inflationlow; Energy security, primarily increasing public access to energy, increasing efficiency and national energymix; Increasing access to transportation/ community mobility; Promoting an environmental friendly production/economic activity and consumption patterns (notwasteful); Strengthening women's access to economic activities, including access to capital, capacity building and also access tomarkets. 1 1 2 3 4 2 5 3 6 7 24

  24. Current Programs on FamilyDevelopment Program IndonesiaSehat melalui Pendekatan Keluarga (PISPK) KEMENTERIAN SOSIAL KEMENTERIAN PEMBERDAYAAN PEREMPUAN DAN PERLINDUNGAN ANAK KEMENTERIAN KESEHATAN KURSUS CATIN DAN BIMBINGAN PERKAWINAN KEMENTERIANAGAMA KEMENTERIAN PENDIDIKAN DAN KEBUDAYAAN BADAN KEPENDUDUKAN DAN KELUARGA BERENCANANASIONAL Program Tribina Bina KeluargaBalita Bina KeluargaRemaja Bina KeluargaLansia Usaha Peningkatan PendapatanKeluarga Sejahtera(UPPKS) 25

  25. An Integrated and Comprehensive Concept of FamilyDevelopment 26

  26. An Integrated and Comprehensive Concept of FamilyDevelopment Harmonization of Regulationsand Policies Strengthening Regulations and Law Enforcement for a ConduciveEnvironment Institutional Coordination between Central and RegionalGovernment StrengthenSynergy and Policy Coordination Mechanisms Implementation of Family Approaches in Policies, Programs, and Activities Supporting environment, Facilities and Infrastructure Role and Responsibility of the Community and PrivateSectors Religion Foundation ofFamily Legality andIntegrity Gender Equality Realizing aStrong and Prosperous Family Promoting a Conducive Environment Increasing Family Resilience Parenting andCaring Economy BasicNeeds Socio-culturaland psychological 27 27

  27. 1 ClosingRemarks Human centered development means that the overall development efforts - economic and non-economic - must be aimed at optimizing the potential of every human being. The essence of family developmentishuman development as a human being as wellasa development resource, for bothmenand women starting from thewomb. 2 3 Family development is aimed at realizing healthy, educated, moral, ethical, cultured, civilized and competitive people, families and society to achieve prosperity and happiness for all. Family development policy is notonly an attempt to influence fertility andaltera demographic patterns but also toimprovethe quality of family and achievesocialwelfare both in terms of physicalandnon-physical terms, including the spiritualaspect. 4 5 Family approach and policy should be integrated in SDGs framework so that can contribute to achieve the SDGs goals and targets The implementation offamily development policy requires partnershipamong stakeholders including governments, academiaandexperts, civil society organizationsandmedia, philanthropy and business; toachievequality, prosperous and happy family andsociety 6 29

  28. THANK YOU

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