The Plymouth Colony

1. The Plymouth Colony Chapter 4 Lesson 3 Pages 162-167

2. Objectives • Learn how people lived in the Plymouth Colony • Describe the cooperation and conflict between settlers and Native Americans. • Explain how English settlers developed ways to govern themselves

3. The Pilgrim’s Journey • 1614 – John Smith leaves Jamestown to explore north • Wrote “A Description of New England” • 6 states: Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine

5. Seeking Religious Freedom • English read Smith’s book and thought about moving. • Why? • Money • Religious reasons

6. Seeking Religious Freedom • King Henry VIII – banned the Catholic church in England. • Replaced with the Church of England • Everyone must belong or punished

7. Seeking Religious Freedom • Pilgrims – person who makes a journey for religious reasons • Pilgrims left England for the Netherlands to worship freely • Had religious freedom, but didn’t like Dutch way of life. • OPTION: Move to North America

8. Seeking Religious Freedom • Virginia Company – paid for their passage • Pilgrims would pay them back with furs, lumber, and new land • 1620 – left England on a ship called the Mayflower

10. Seeking Religious Freedom • Why did the Pilgrims want to go to North America? • To build their own society where everyone shared the same religious beliefs

11. Mayflower Compact • Mayflower was headed for Virginia, but storms blew it off course • Landed at Cape Cod in now Massachusetts

14. Mayflower Compact • All men signed a compact to keep order • Compact – is an agreement • The Mayflower Compact agreed • Fair laws would be made that benefited the entire colony • They promised to obey these laws

16. Mayflower Compact • Majority Rule – if more than half the people agreed to a law or decision, everyone must follow it • Majority Rule was included in the Mayflower Compact

17. Mayflower Compact • Self-Government – The Mayflower compact gave those who signed it the right to govern themselves • Very new idea ~ they were used to Monarchs ruling • Only Men signed the compact, but woman must obey

18. Mayflower Compact • Pilgrims took several weeks to find a place to settle • Chose a site on a harbor: This provided easy access to the Atlantic Ocean for shipping and trade • Fresh water and good land for growing crops was close • John Smith had already named the area PLYMOUTH

19. Plymouth • William Bradford • One of Plymouth’s early governors

20. Building a Colony • Worked hard at making good choices • But, first winter was HARD • 50 of the 102 settlers died

21. Building a Colony – Help arrives • Samoset – Native American who came in the spring speaking English • Came back with Tisquantum also called Squanto • Squanto was from the Wampanoag tribe

22. Building a Colony – Help arrives • Squanto – had been taken and sold as a slave in Spain • He escaped and spent several years in England before returning back to North America • He learned English and was able to communicate with the Pilgrims

23. Tisquantum – aka Squanto • Taught Pilgrims how to plant squash, corn, and pumpkins • Also how to fish • Both groups benefited from their cooperation (Pilgrims and Wampanoag)

24. Tisquantum – aka Squanto • Squanto helped the colonists trade for furs from other other tribes • The Native Americans traded for metal goods and cloth • Metal goods used to make tools and jewelry

25. Plymouth Grows • At the beginning all food was divided equally among the colonists • In 1623, leaders divided the land among the colonists • The result: the people worked harder

26. Growing Prosperity • More colonists came • They prospered from farming, fishing, and fur trading • However, slow growth the first 10 years • By 1630, only 300 colonists

27. Trouble Starts • After 1630, other English came and settled throughout New England • Not all were friendly with Native Americans • They did not see a need to cooperate with Indians • Fights broke out ~ Trade ended

28. Trouble Starts • Once trade ended, life became harder for the colonists and Native Americans • William Bradford (who supported peace at the beginning) now wanted war to push out Native Americans

29. Trouble Starts • As homelands for the Native Americans grew smaller, they began to fight with each other over hunting lands

30. Summary • Pilgrims leave Europe to establish a society based on their religious beliefs. • Settlers wrote the Mayflower Compact to set up self-government. • Early on, Native Americans helped, but as colonists moved into their lands, fighting broke out.

31. Chapter 4 Review • Which nation started colonies in the Americas first? • Spain

32. Chapter 4 Review • What did Spain start in the borderlands of New Spain to convert the Native Americans to Christianity? • Missions

33. Chapter 4 Review • Which colony made huge profits as a result of tobacco sales to Europe? • Virginia

34. Chapter 4 Review • What was England’s first permanent settlement in North America? • Jamestown

35. Chapter 4 Review • Which is an example of a primary source? • A photograph of reenactors at Jamestown • A movie about Pocahontas’s life • John Smith’s book “A Description of New England” • A recent book about Jamestown

36. Chapter 4 Review • What was a key advantage of the Pilgrims’ building their settlement on a bay? • Near the Atlantic ocean and provided easy access to shipping and trade

37. Chapter 4 Review • How did Tisquantum help the first colonists in New England? • Taught them how to farm and fish

38. Chapter 4 Review • Why was Jamestown’s location a poor choice for a settlement? • The land was swampy and not good for farming

39. Chapter 4 Review • How did missionaries affect native Americans in New Spain? • They held ceremonies to make large numbers Catholic. They taught them Catholic beliefs. Some forced them to work as slaves. Were forced to change how they lived and worshipped.

40. Chapter 4 Review • How does the Mayflower Compact form a self-government? • The people who signed the compact agreed to make and follow their own laws for the common good.

41. Chapter 4 Review • What kinds of activities made up the early economies of the North American colonies? • Farming, ranching, fishing, fur trading, and shipping goods and raw materials back to Europe

42. Chapter 4 Review • Why was the House of Burgesses important? • Helped make laws that were needed to keep order. It was also the first representative assembly in the English colonies. It allowed some of the Virginia colonists to elect members to the House of Burgesses who would represent them.

43. Chapter 4 Review • Which is an example of a primary source? • John Smith’s book “A Description of New England”