1 / 16

Exploratory Analysis of Disease Data & Introduction to UNC’s GIS Reference Library

Exploratory Analysis of Disease Data & Introduction to UNC’s GIS Reference Library. Prepared originally by Kristen Hampton Updated and maintained by Ben Allshouse and others. Types of Investigations. Disease mapping Summation of spatial and spatio-temporal variation in disease risk

perdy
Télécharger la présentation

Exploratory Analysis of Disease Data & Introduction to UNC’s GIS Reference Library

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Exploratory Analysis of Disease Data& Introduction to UNC’s GIS Reference Library Prepared originally by Kristen Hampton Updated and maintained by Ben Allshouse and others

  2. Types of Investigations • Disease mapping • Summation of spatial and spatio-temporal variation in disease risk • Geographical Correlation Analysis • Relationship between heath outcomes and environmental risk factors • Disease clustering • Raised incidence of disease in an area • Non-random spatial pattern of disease relative to non-cases

  3. Disease Mapping (Zucker, J.R. Changing Patterns of Autochthonous Malaria Transmission in the United States: A Review of Recent Outbreaks. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 1996;2(1):37-43.)

  4. Geographical Correlation Analysis (Glass, G.E. et al. Infectious Disease Epidemiology and GIS: A Case Study of Lyme Disease. Geo Info Systems. 1992;2(10):65-69.)

  5. Disease ClusteringGCA – Point Source Study John Snow’s 1854 Map of Cholera and the Broad Street Pump • Hypothesis of disease etiology • Layers • Roads • Pumps • Case event data (McLeod, K.S. Our sense of Snow: the myth of John Snow in medical geography. Social Science & Medicine. 2000;50:923-935.)

  6. ID Application of GIS • “Continuum of diseases” • Highly applicable to ‘environmental’ diseases, such as malaria and other vector-borne diseases • Limited applicability to non-communicable diseases, such as MS, with weak or non-existent environmental components • In between are HIV and other STDs with moderately strong links to the environment (Tanser, F.C. et al. The application of geographical information systems to important public health problems in Africa. Int. J Health Geographics. 2002;1:4.)

  7. I-95 Syphilis Study (Cook et al. What’s driving an epidemic? The Spread of Syphilis Along an Interstate Highway in Rural North Carolina. Am. J of Public Health. 1999 Mar;89(3):369-373.)

  8. I-95 Syphilis Study (Cook et al. What’s driving an epidemic? The Spread of Syphilis Along an Interstate Highway in Rural North Carolina. Am. J of Public Health. 1999 Mar;89(3):369-373.)

  9. Issues • Confounding • Resolution / Aggregation level • Patient confidentiality • Spatial accuracy • Ecological Fallacy (individual v. group) • Temporal relationship between exposure and disease

  10. STAT Exploratory Analysis of HIV in North Carolina • Screening and Tracing for Acute HIV Transmission (STAT) • Collaboration between UNC-CH CFAR and NC DHHS • Developed a system using HIV biomarkers to determine the time of transmission (incident cases) • All HIV test samples sent to state labs are staged with the STAT protocol • Records are mapped according to self-reported zip code of residence • Sample data for 1 year: 110,000 mappable records 500 prevalent cases 100 incident cases

  11. Goal • Given a table of patient records with disease X in North Carolina, create choropleth maps of i. case count, ii. density of cases per square mile, and iii. population density (persons per square mile) by zip code, shown with major highways.

  12. Road Classification Major Highway No. of Cases 0 1 2 3 4 - 9

  13. Information Needed • Tabular Disease Data (Given*) • *.dbf (dbase) or *.txt (text) file formats • GIS Data • Polygon shapefile of NC zip codes • Line shapefile of NC roads • Attribute Data • Zip code area and population * All disease data introduced in this exercise is fictional and for demonstration purposes only.

  14. Resources • http://www.lib.unc.edu/reference/gis/ • Amanda Henley GIS Reference Librarian, Davis Library ahenley@refstaff.lib.unc.edu • ArcGIS desktop Help

  15. Data Confidentiality • Health data is confidential • Issue of privacy for health data • As a researcher you must seek training about, and proactively protect data confidentiality • Environmental data is confidential as well • Privacy issue also applies to any environmental data that can be associated with an individual • How will you protect data confidentiality in this course? • Identify data that might be confidential (address, etc.) • Take action to protect it (do not send it to others, do not discuss it or use it in a way that would allow others to identify/target individuals, erase the data after you use it, always ask yourself what else you can do)

  16. Exercise • Handout • Searching UNC’s GIS Database • Additional Exercises • Adding X,Y Coordinates of Polygon Centroids • Creating Raster Density Maps from Point Layers • Geocoding a Table of Addresses

More Related