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Scientific Methods

Scientific Methods. Section 1.3. Observations. Using the senses to gather information Scientific methods begin with observations Good observations lead to testable predictions. Form a Question. After making an observation, a problem or question is stated

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Scientific Methods

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  1. Scientific Methods Section 1.3

  2. Observations • Using the senses to gather information • Scientific methods begin with observations • Good observations lead to testable predictions

  3. Form a Question • After making an observation, a problem or question is stated • The question is based on information that you want to reveal about your observations

  4. Hypothesis • Develop a testable prediction • A hypothesis is tested by conducting experiments • The hypothesis may be supported by evidence but is never PROVED

  5. Gather Data • Includes all information that scientists gather • Quantitative data= Measured in numbers (measurements, temperature, weight) • Qualitative data= descriptive

  6. Conduct Experiment • A variable is tested and compared to a control group • Experimental group= the group subjected to a specific factor • Control group= identical to experimental group except for the factor (used for comparison)

  7. Variables • Independent variable= the factor being tested (example: fertilizer) • Dependent variable= the factor that is being measured (example: plant growth) • The dependent variable results from the independent variable

  8. Organize and Analyze Data • Data should be placed in tables, charts, and graphs • Statistical analysis determines whether or not the data supports the hypothesis

  9. Form Conclusion • Based on the conducted experiment, the results are summarized into a conclusion • Provides an explanation supported by data

  10. Publish Research • Valid experiments can be published in scientific journals • If proper protocol has been followed, even student research can be published

  11. Inferences • Conclusions made on the basis of facts or premises rather than on direct observations • Example: where there is smoke, there must be fire

  12. Theories and Laws • Theory= an explanation based on many observations supported by experimental results (example: theory of evolution) • Law= a rule of nature that sums up related observations and experimental results (example: law of gravity)

  13. Implementing Scientific Methods • Problem solving skills are used to solve a wide variety of global problems such as human infectious diseases • Communication allows scientists to build on the work of others

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