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HOW ORGANISMS INTERACT IN COMMUNITIES

Explore the ways organisms interact and shape communities through predation, competition, symbiosis, and more. Learn about niches, resource partitioning, and the impact of interspecific and intraspecific competition. Discover the importance of adaptation and avoiding competition in the survival of species.

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HOW ORGANISMS INTERACT IN COMMUNITIES

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  1. HOW ORGANISMS INTERACT IN COMMUNITIES WHAT SHAPES A COMMUNITY?? PREDATION & COMPETITION!! (food, SHELTER, light, nutrients, water)

  2. Five Basic Interactions Between Species • Competition • Interspecific competition – between two or more species • Intraspecific competition – between members of same species • Predation • Parasitism • Mutualism • Commensalism symbiosis

  3. WHAT IS A NICHE? • An organism’s niche describes: • The organism’s role in the community • It’s use of resources

  4. NICHE (fundamental vs. realized) • Fundamental Niche • the full range of conditions and resources it could potentially use • Determined by abiotic factors • Realized Niche • that part of a fundamental niche that an organism occupies • Determined by biotic factors (COMPETITION!)

  5. NICHE (fundamental vs. realized)

  6. INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION = niches of two different species overlaps • Migrate • Shifts its feeding habits • One of the species suffers population decline (even to extinction)

  7. If the niches of two species overlap completely or significantly – how long can they both last? competitive exclusion principle What’s an organism to do? Move, adapt, or die Avoid or weaken competition by: Symbiosis Resource partitioning

  8. Use your clickers! • A niche restricted by competition is a • Fundamental niche • Realized niche • Resource partitioned niche • True or False: A fundamental niche includes the full resources and habitat an organism can survive in.

  9. Tolerance: Classified by Niche Range Generalists • Have broad ranges • Live in a variety of places, eat a spectrum of foods, & tolerate a wide range of environmental conditions Specialists • Have narrow ranges • Live in one type of habitat, rely on one type of food source, or have limited range of environmental tolerance • Are typically endangered species

  10. Exit Slip on Clickers! A: Interspecific Competition B: Intraspecific Competition 1. Two squirrels race up a tree to reach a hidden pile of nuts. 2. A hyena chases off a vulture to feast on an antelope carcass. 3. Different species of shrubs and grasses on the forest floor compete for sunlight. 4. Brown bears hunting for fish on a river’s edge fight over space. 5. Male big horn sheep butt heads violently in competition for mates.

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