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A Time For Empowerment

A Time For Empowerment. Stanley Greenstein Doctoral Student, IRI Stanley.greenstein@juridicum.su.se. The digital t rail. Future. Past. The linguistic f ootprint. Premise : each human being uses language differently Collection of identifiers that stamps the writer as unique

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A Time For Empowerment

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  1. A Time For Empowerment Stanley Greenstein Doctoral Student, IRI Stanley.greenstein@juridicum.su.se

  2. The digital trail Future Past

  3. The linguistic footprint • Premise:each human beinguseslanguagedifferently • Collection ofidentifiersthat stamps the writer as unique • Reconstructed from a persons daily interactions • Can be connectedto a varietyofpersonalitycharacteristics, situation variables, and physiological (psychological) markers

  4. The issue? • Information collection • Information is stored, aggregated, data-mined, analysed • The algorithm • A consequenceofcategory The cruxof the matter: The algorithmdetermines the category The categorydetermines the consequence

  5. Category 1: Category 2: ”Social sorting” Consequence: Category 3: Category 4:

  6. Category1: ”Always-buys-a-ticket-late” Category 2: ”Wealthy” Airlinecompany Social sortingcont. • Consequence: • Higherpriced ticket • Lowerpriced ticket • Not allowedto fly • Special treatment Category 3: ”Terrorist” Category 4: ”frequent-flyer-loyal-customer”

  7. Bank Digital persona The digital profile Insurance co. Social media Supermarket Lawenforcement

  8. Context: price discrimination • “to charge different pricestovariouscustomers for the same goods or services” • Some assumptions: • Profit, not control • Similar goods or services can attain varying price tags depending on the conditions under which they were purchased • Arbitrage disliked • Less information about a purchaser limits price discrimination possibilities • Negative connotation even illegal • Modern technology facilitates price discrimination

  9. Historyrepeatsitself Context: pricediscrimination

  10. Interstate Commerce Act 1887 • Rates to be just and reasonable • Personal discrimination forbidden • “Undueor unreasonablepreference” forbidden • chargingmore for a short haulthan a long haulforbidden • poolingforbidden • rates wereto be published • impediments tocontinuoustraveloffreightforbidden

  11. Railroadcompaniesforcedtoprovide the Commission withdetailsof tariffs and fairs on a continual basis andprovidenotification in the changeofthesefares • The Commission wastaskedwithoversightof the railroadindustryand hadthe powerto call uponvarious forms of information from the railroadcompanies as well as call witnesses Interstate Commerce Commission

  12. The price 100 SEK Maximal willingness to pay! Assumption: More information about customers, means less privacy, which allows for increased price discrimination

  13. Difference? Technology! • Railroads did not have the ability to determine “willingness to pay”

  14. Example 1:The Netflixrecommendation

  15. Netflixalgorithm

  16. Example 2:…in relation to the state…

  17. “Issue”? Institutions know more about us than we know about ourselves! Bank …and many, manymore Lawenforcement Supermarket Social media Insurance co.

  18. EMPOWERMENT

  19. Definition em·pow·er transitive verb \im-ˈpau̇(-ə)r\ : to give power to (someone) : to give official authority or legal power to (someone) http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/empowerment

  20. Power ofattorney

  21. EMPOWERMENT • Knowledge (incl. rights) • Transparency • Non-arbitrarness • Criteria(relevance) • Fairness • Accountability • Enforcement • Challenge forum • Technology

  22. The End!

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