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Qualitative and Participatory Research

Qualitative and Participatory Research. What are they? What role do they play in Quantitative Research? How valid are they?. Qualitative Research Examples . (Participant) Observation Unstructured Interviewing Oral testimony/history Conversation and interactional analysis Case Studies

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Qualitative and Participatory Research

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  1. Qualitative and Participatory Research What are they? What role do they play in Quantitative Research? How valid are they?

  2. Qualitative Research Examples • (Participant) Observation • Unstructured Interviewing • Oral testimony/history • Conversation and interactional analysis • Case Studies • Focus group discussions • Citizen’s Juries and Deliberative Democracy

  3. Qualitative Research Epistemologies • Naturalism • Undertakes research in the context of everyday behaviour • Ethnomethodolgy • Seeks to understand the “emic” world in its own terms • An "emic" account of behavior is a description of behavior in terms meaningful (consciously or unconsciously) to the actor or actress. An "etic" account is a description of a behavior in terms familiar to the observer • Emotionalism • Seeks to gain access to the inner/emotional world • Postmodernism • Critically discusses the expressions of life (deconstructs texts)

  4. Contrasts between Qualitative & Quantitative Research

  5. Participatory Research Problems routinisation/professionalisation; impositionalism; understandings of participation Ladders of participation:

  6. Ladder of participation: increasing participation

  7. Problems in Action and Participatory Research • Sample self-selection • the sad, the bad and the mad • Agenda Capture • Action • Research • Elite capture • Mutedness of marginal groups • Who controls the facilitators (guardians?) • Routinisation

  8. Ethical Issues in Qualitative Research • Who speaks for the other • Reflexivity • To “objects/subjects” • To peers • To the moral (and academic) community • Confidentiality and Informed Consent • Covert observation • Observation alters behaviour • Getting below the surface involves imposing external views • Triangulation

  9. Research Information Flows topic theories concepts Operationalisation variables Indicator of variable Measurement theory population (Sample) Raw data Survey/census responses sampling Coding, editing, inspection, and cleaning analysis Final data communication criticism

  10. Validity in Qualitative Research • Internal (reliability and validity) • Inter-observer agreement • External and internal observers • Correspondence of observations/records/texts with concepts • What is the test of correspondence? • External validity • Standard criticism of ethnography – “my village” - not replicable • Explanatory constructs and generalisability • Generalise through quantitative research

  11. Combinations and complementarities between Qualitative and Quantitative Research • Multi-disciplinary and inter-disciplinary research • “Q-squared • http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/poverty/QQZ.pdf#search=%22QQZ%22 • Sequential and mixed inter-disciplinarity?

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