The American Civil War 1861-1865

1. The American Civil War1861-1865

2. Lincoln’s First InaugurationMarch 4, 1861

3. Confederates Took Fort SumterApril 4, 1861

4. Confederates Took Fort SumterApril 4, 1861

5. Lincoln Calls For Volunteers April 14, 1861

6. Virginia SecededApril 17, 1861

7. Three More States Seceded Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina West VA seceded from VA Border States Maryland, Missouri, Kentucky, and Delaware Slave states that remained in the Union

9. Resources of Each Side Northern Southern 11 states 9 million people 4 million were slaves Defending own soil Superior Military Leadership More accustomed to guns and horses Cotton • 21 states • Over 21 million people • Superior manufacturing and food production • 2/3 of country’s railroad mileage • Superior Civilian Leadership

10. Marching to Manassas • July 18, 1861 – 1st battle – Bull Run – (Manassas) • people from DC came in carriages and had picnics to watch the fight

11. Battle of Bull Run (Manassas) Union – 30,000 troops Confederates 20,000

12. First Battle of Bull Run First Manassas July 21, 1861 Attempt to capture Richmond Union met with resistance at Bull Run Creek Union had initial advantage Confederate forces led by Thomas Jackson turned the tide Stonewall Union Army forced to retreat back to Washington

13. Stonewall Jackson • General Thomas Jackson CSA – gets nickname “Stonewall” • His troops held their position while southern army retreated • Inspired Confederate soldiers to keep fighting

14. Rebel Yell Southerners counter attacked with “rebel yell” drove back Yanks • Union line broken and retreat • South did not chase

15. Effects of the First Battle of Bull Run

16. Effects of the First Battle of Bull Run • Taught north it would be a long fight • Lincoln call up 1 million man army • Southerners felt more confident

17. Effects of the First Battle of Bull Run McClellan made General of the Northern Army

18. The Anaconda Plan Three Pronged Union Strategy Capture Richmond Blockade the Confederacy Divide the Confederacy

19. General McDowell Fired after defeat at Bull Run Union Generals

20. General McClellan Replaces McDowell Union Generals

21. Naval War Union blockaded the South As war continued blockade became more effective

22. South developed fleet of blockade runners to try to continue trade

23. USS Monitor vs. CSS Virginia (Merrimack) • Both were iron clad ships

24. USS Monitor vs. CSS Virginia (Merrimack) • Both were iron clad ships

25. First fight ever between iron ships Battle was a draw

26. First fight ever between iron ships Marks the beginning of modern naval warfare

27. Eastern Front South controlled Shenandoah Valley

28. Peninsula Campaign McClellan (Union) led several campaigns to attack Richmond Was very cautious with his plans

29. General Robert E Lee used JEB Stuart to lead cavalry to stop McClellan Confederates win Seven Days Battle

30. Lee defeated Union Army at 2nd Battle of Bull Run Puts Confederates close to Washington DC

31. Lee’s Invasion of North

32. Goals of Lee’s Invasion • Force Lincoln to talk peace • Farmers get to harvest food in VA • Show Europe South can win • South need Europe for military and financial support Lee’s Invasion of North

33. Lee plans to attack Sharpsburg, MarylandNorth discovers Lee’s plan and launches a surprise attack against the Confederates

34. Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg) • North and South fight all day

35. Antietam • One of the Bloodiest battles of the war • 23,000 killed or wounded

36. Antietam • One of the Bloodiest battles of the war • 23,000 killed or wounded McClellan (Union) allows Lee and Confederates to escape following the battle

37. General McClellan Fired after Antietam for not pursuing Lee Union Generals

38. Union Generals General Burnside Replaces McClellan

39. Effects of Antietam Europe does not ally with CSA Lincoln originally fought war only to preserve the Union After Antietam Lincoln decides to issue Emancipation Proclamation

40. Emancipation Proclamation Frees all slaves in REBELLING states on January 1, 1863 Old South will be destroyed and replaced with new values

41. Emancipation Proclamation Why does Lincoln free slaves in South not the North?

42. Emancipation Proclamation Why does Lincoln free slaves in South not the North? • Freeing slaves in South seen as military action • As Commander in Chief (head of military) Lincoln can take military actions

43. Emancipation Proclamation Why does Lincoln free slaves in South not the North? • Freeing slaves in South seen as military action • As Commander in Chief (head of military) Lincoln can take military actions • Can’t free slaves in north because of Constitution • Government can’t take property without due process • Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, Missouri might secede

44. Black Americans Join Up • Used them for support work • 54th Massachusetts – Glory • Emancipation Proclamation also allows blacks into US Army • Fought under white commanders and had unequal pay and duties

45. Black Americans Join Up • Used them for support work • 54th Massachusetts – Glory • Emancipation Proclamation also allows blacks into US Army • Fought under white commanders and had unequal pay and duties

46. Black Americans Join Up • Used them for support work • 54th Massachusetts – Glory • Emancipation Proclamation also allows blacks into US Army • Fought under white commanders and had unequal pay and duties

47. Western Front

48. Union Army based in Cairo Illinois Mississippi River Ohio River

49. Union Army based in Cairo Illinois Union is able to get control over rivers that lead into South

50. War in the West General Grant Western Commander US Army