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Government Institutions: Legislative Branch

Government Institutions: Legislative Branch. SSCG8 Demonstrate knowledge of the legislative branch of government. a. Cite the formal qualifications for representatives and senators listed in the Constitution.

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Government Institutions: Legislative Branch

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  1. Government Institutions: Legislative Branch

  2. SSCG8 Demonstrate knowledge of the legislative branch of government. a. Cite the formal qualifications for representatives and senators listed in the Constitution. b. Describe the election process for representatives & senators and how the 17th Amendment impacted the election of senators. c. Compare the terms of office for each chamber of Congress and explain the Founders’ intent.

  3. Congress = House + Senate

  4. House of Representatives

  5. Senate

  6. Bicameral Legislature - two chamber legislature • Founders were fans of the British Parliament • Settled the dispute between Virginia Plan and New Jersey Plan • Allows for a system of checks and balances between the houses

  7. Determining Representatives in the House • Census Every 10 years to determine population • Reapportionment – Congress divides the 435 House seats between states based on population • Redistricting - state legislature draws the new district lines • Gerrymandering - drawing district lines based on some characteristic other than just population

  8. Original Gerrymander

  9. Washingto n Post: Gerrymandering Explained

  10. Non-gerrymandered district Gerrymandered district

  11. Congressional Leadership

  12. Leadership in the House of Representatives SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE Selected by the majority party • Most important job in Congress • Presides over House & maintains order in House • Recognizes members that want to speak on the House floor, interprets and enforces rules of the House • Refers (sends) bill to standing committees • Appoints members to committees • Can vote, but often does only in a tie Paul Ryan R – Wisconsin

  13. Leadership in the House SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE Selected by the majority party • Minority Leader • Leads the Democratic party • Carry out decisions of party • Direct floor action and votes to party’s advantage • Spokesperson for party • Majority LeaderLeads the Republican party • Carry out decisions of party • Direct floor action and votes to party’s advantage • Spokesperson for party Kevin McCarthy R – California Nancy Pelosi D – California

  14. Leadership in the House • Party Whips • Assistant Floor Leaders • Liason (go-between) – deliver info between leadership & members • Keep track of how party members are voting • Be sure members are present for votes House Minority Whip House Majority Whip Steny Hoyer D - Maryland Steve Scalise R – Louisiana

  15. Georgia’s Representation • Georgia currently has 14 congressional districts. • McEachern’s current congressional district is the 13th represented by: Congressman David Scott

  16. Georgia Delegation 115th Buddy Carter, Sanford Bishop, Drew Ferguson, Hank Johnson, John Lewis, Karen Handel Rob Woodall, Austin Scott, Doug Collins, Jody Hice, Barry Loudermilk, Rick Allen, David Scott, Tom Graves

  17. Leadership in the Senate PRESIDENT OF THE SENATE The Vice President of the United States Vice President Mike Pence • Not an elected member • May not be a member of majority party • Can recognize members to speak in floor debate • Call for vote on bill • Votes in a tie • Can NOT debate bill

  18. Leadership in the Senate President Pro-Tempore Orrin Hatch R-Utah • Presides in VP’s absence • Elected member of Senate • Member of Majority Party • Typically longest serving member

  19. Leadership in the Senate Majority LeaderLeads the Majority party Minority LeaderLeads the minority party Mitch McConnell R - Kentucky Chuck Schumer D – New York

  20. Leadership in the Senate • Party Whips • Assistant Floor Leaders • Liason (go-between) – deliver info between leadership & members • Keep track of how party members are voting • Be sure members are present for votes Senate Minority Whip Senate Majority Whip Dick Durbin D - Illinois John Cornyn R – Texas

  21. Georgia’s Representation Senator Johnny Isakson Senator David Perdue AND

  22. Committees in Congress • Standing Committee • Permanent • Content specific • Select Committee • Aka Special Committee • Specific purpose • Limited Time • Investigate current matters • Joint • Permanent & Select • Members of House & Senate • Conference Committee • Temporary, Joint Committee • Works out differences between bills • Once compromise reached they disband

  23. Congress Senate Upper House House of Representatives Lower House President of Senate VP of USA Speaker of House Majority Leader President Pro Tempore Senior Ranking Member Of the Majority Party House Majority Floor Leader House Minority Leader Senate Majority Leader Senate Minority Leader House Majority Whip House Minority Whip Senate Majority Whip Senate Minority Whip 100 Senators 2 from each State 435 Representatives Elected by Population

  24. Interesting…. Salaries - $174,000 per year Senate LeadershipMajority Party Leader - $193,400Minority Party Leader - $193,400 House LeadershipSpeaker of the House - $223,500Majority Leader - $193,400Minority Leader - $193,400

  25. Congressional Powers

  26. SSCG8 Demonstrate knowledge of the legislative branch of government. d. Compare and contrast the powers of each chamber of Congress (e.g., power of the purse, 16th Amendment, treaties, etc.)

  27. Power of the Purse • Revenue (tax) bills must start in the House of Representatives • The majority of the U.S. revenue comes through TAXATION. • A TAX is a charge levied by a government on income or property • The 16th Amendment allows Congress to levy INCOME TAXES on individuals

  28. Capitol Tidbits • Site chosen in 1791; British burned in 1814 • 300 feet to top of statue • Freedom Statue is 19’ 6” • Capitol sits on 3.5 acres; 168 acres around it are designated to the capitol • Diameter of Rotunda is 95’ (whisper heard across the room) • Original rule was that nothing could be higher than Freedom Statue; exception made for Washington monument

  29. Interest Groupsin Politics

  30. What is an Interest Group? A group of people with common views who work to get legislation and regulations passed that will help their group.

  31. Lobbyists Lobbyists work for the interest group to get elected officials to pass policies that will be good for their group

  32. Lobbyists POSITIVES NEGATIVES Larger interest groups with more money tend to get more legislation passed in their favor. Grassroots (local) efforts often go unnoticed at the state and national level • Knowledgeable on the issue they represent and can inform legislators about the issues they support/oppose • Spokesperson for a larger group of people (special interest group members) • Can help write (draft) legislation with up-to-date information

  33. How a Bill Becomes a Law SSCG8 Demonstrate knowledge of the legislative branch of government. e. Explain the steps in the legislative process. A bill, which is a proposed law, must originate in the House of Representatives or the Senate, except for revenue bills which MUST originate in the House.

  34. I’m Just a Bill https://youtu.be/FFroMQlKiag

  35. 1. The bill is drafted (written) • Anyone can draft a bill – members of Congress, the President, outside groups • 2. The bill is introduced in the House or Senate by a member • Only members of the House or Senate can introduce bills. • 3. The bill is sent to a standing committee • In the House, the Speaker of the House sends the bill to a committee. • 4. Committee Action – bills are reviewed, debated, edited and voted on. • Most bills die here, but if the bill is passed, it moves forward. • Senate Majority Leader decides what order bills will be reviewed on floor. • In House, the Rules Committee decides order of the bills & time limit for debate.

  36. *5. Bill is sent to the Rules Committee in the House and assigned a time for debate. Only the House of Representatives has a Rules Committee. 6. Floor Action – the bill is debated, and amended, if necessary. If a majority of the members approve the bill, it goes to the other chamber. 7. Bill is sent to and introduced in other chamber… • Starts in House, goes to Senate; starts in Senate, goes to House • Introduction by Member • Committee Action – Review, debate, hearings, edits, votes • Floor Action – Debate, edit, amendments, vote

  37. 8. Conference Committee • If the 1st chamber rejects any changes made by the 2nd, conference must meet. • Members of both chambers (House and Senate) work toward compromise. • Only one version of bill can be sent to President. • 9. Vote on Compromise Bill • Both the House and the Senate must approve the bill as amended by the conference committee. • If approved by a majority vote in both houses of Congress, the bill is sent to the President. • 10. Presidential Action - sign, or approve, the bill or veto (reject) • If the President signs the bill (approves it), the bill becomes a law. • If the President vetoes (rejects) the bill, can be sent back for override vote. • 11. Override Vote • If the President vetoes the bill, it can still be approved by a 2/3vote in each chamber (House & Senate) and still become law.

  38. In the Legislative Process…. • RIDER– a provision not likely to pass on its own merit that is attached to a bill that is certain to pass. Can only happen in the SENATE. • DISCHARGE PETITION– enables members of either house to force a bill that has been pigeonholed (remained in committee for 30 days or longer) onto the floor for consideration. • QUORUM– a majority of the membership that must be present in chambers to conduct business.

  39. In the Legislative Process…. • ENGROSSED– the bill is printed in its’ final form. • FILIBUSTER– essentially this is the attempt to ‘talk a bill to death’. It is a stalling tactic that is used by a minority of senators seeks to delay or prevent action on a matter. Can ONLY be used in the SENATE. • CLOTURE– a rule used to limit debate in the SENATE. • At least 3/5 of the senate, or 60 members, must vote to invoke cloture. • Not needed in the House – Rules Committee sets time limits.

  40. In the Legislative Process…. • VETO – when the President refuses to sign a bill into law. • POCKET VETO – if Congress adjourns its’ session within ten days of submitting a bill to the President, and the President does not act, the bill dies.

  41. Members of Congress think about FOUR FACTORS when deciding whether to vote for a law.

  42. FACTOR #1 FACTOR #2 Does the Constitution give Congress the power to pass the law? What is my personal opinion? FACTOR #3 FACTOR #4 What are the views of my political party? What do my voters think?

  43. Sub Committee How a Bill Becomes a Law Standing Committee Rules Committee House Floor House of Representatives House Floor Debate Conference Committee President Law Senate Senate Floor Debate House Floor Senate Floor Standing Committee Senate Floor Sub Committee

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